The Crisis of Imprisonment : Protest, Politics, and the Making of the American Penal State, 1776-1941

Acknowledgments xi Introduction: The Grounds of Legal Punishment 1 1 Strains of Servitude: Legal Punishment in the Early Republic 14 2 Due Convictions: Contractual Penal Servitude and Its Discontents, 1818-1865 53 3 Commerce upon the Throne: The Business of Imprisonment in Gilded Age America 87 4 Disciplining the State, Civilizing the Market: The Campaign to Abolish Contract Prison Labor 137 5 A Model Servitude: Prison Reform in the Early Progressive Era 193 6 Uses of the State: The Dialectics of Penal Reform in Early Progressive New York 239 7 American Bastille: Sing Sing and the Political Crisis of Imprisonment 280 8 Changing the Subject: The Metamorphosis of Prison Reform in the High Progressive Era 319 9 Laboratory of Social Justice: The New Penologists at Sing Sing, 1915-1917 376 10 Punishment without Labor: Toward the Modern Penal State 417 Conclusion: On the Crises of Imprisonment 469 Select Bibliography 473 Index 485