The Double Face of Janus

Preface ix I INTRODUCTION 1. The Double Face of Janus 3(38) II THE HISTORICAL APPROACH TO MEDICINE 2. The Meaning of Medicine in Historical Perspective 41(9) 3. Medicine and the Problem of Moral Responsibility 50(18) 4. An Essay on the Usefulness of Medical History for Medicine 68(33) 5. On the Interrelationship of the History and the Philosophy of Medicine 101(9) 6. The Historiography of Ideas in Medicine 110(16) 7. Comparative Study in the History of Medicine 126(11) III MEDICINE: ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL 8. Greek Medicine as Science and Craft 137(17) 9. On Galen's Pneumatology 154(8) 10. A Galenic Model for Quantitative Physiological Reasoning? 162(5) 11. History of Hippocratism in Late Antiquity: The Third Century and the Latin West 167(11) 12. Studies on Late Alexandrian Medicine I. Alexandrian Commentaries on Galen's De Sectis ad Introducendos 178(20) 13. The Byzantine Origin of the Names for the Basilic and Cephalic Veins 198(4) 14. Byzantine Medicine: Tradition and Empiricism 202(23) IV MEDICINE: RENAISSANCE TO TWENTIETH CENTURY 15. The Elusiveness of Paracelsus 225(14) 16. Zimmermann's Philosophy of the Physician 239(7) 17. Wunderlich, Schelling and the History of Medicine 246(6) 18. The European Background of the Young Dr. Welch 252(9) 19. The Era of Paul Ehrlich 261(10) V BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES AND BIOLOGY 20. Metaphors of Human Biology 271(13) 21. Was Servetus Influenced by Ibn an-Nafis? 284(3) 22. Vesalius on an Immanent Biological Motor Force 287(30) 23. The Classical Roots of Glisson's Doctrine of Irritation ego 24. The Philosophical Background of Magendie's Physiology 317(23) 25. Materialism in French and German Physiology of the Early Nineteenth Century 340(5) 26. Basic Science, Medicine, and the Romantic Era (The Fielding H. Garrison Lecture) 345(28) 27. German Concepts of Ontogeny and History around 1800 373(17) 28. The Idea of Descent in Post-Romantic German Biology 1848-1858 390(29) VI HEALTH AND DISEASE 29. Health and Disease 419(22) 30. The Scientific Approach to Disease: Specific Entity and Individual Sickness 441(15) 31. An Historical Analysis of the Concept of Infection 456(16) 32. On the History of "Morality and Syphilis" 472(15) VII SURGERY AND DRUG THERAPY 33. The Role of Surgery in the Rise of Modern Medical Thought 487(10) 34. Merrem's Youthful Dream: The Early History of Experimental Pylorectomy 497(13) 35. A Postscript to "Merrem's Youthful Dream" 510(2) 36. Fernel, Joubert, and Erastus on the Specificity of Cathartic Drugs 512(6) 37. Therapeutic Trends and the Treatment of Syphilis before 1900 518(7) Index 525