The First Amendment and The Fifth Estate : Regulation of Electronic Mass Media

Preface to the Seventh Edition v Table of Cases xxiii Introduction 1(40) The Law 2(9) Sources and Structure of Law and the Legal Process 3(1) Sources of Law 3(1) Constitutions 3(1) Statutes 3(1) Administrative Regulations and Decisions 3(1) Common Law 4(1) Hierarchy 4(1) Federalism 5(1) Litigation 6(4) Reading the Law 10(1) The First Amendment 11(23) Introduction to Freedom of Expression 11(1) The English Background 11(2) The Colonial Experience 13(2) Bases for Freedom of Communication 15(1) For Individuals 16(1) For Society 16(1) Marketplace of Ideas 16(3) Safety Valve 19(1) Self-governance 19(1) The First Amendment and the Institutional Press 20(1) Restriction on Government Power 20(1) The Protected Sphere 21(1) Speech v. Conduct 21(1) Non-protected Speech 22(1) Distribution 23(1) Gathering 24(1) Refusal to Speak 24(1) Abridgment Defined 24(1) Prior Restraints 24(5) Subsequent Sanctions 29(1) Neutral Regulation 29(1) Applying the First Amendment 30(1) Balancing 30(1) Preferred Position 31(1) Clear and Present Danger 31(2) The Literalist Interpretation of the First Amendment 33(1) ``Or of the Press'' 34(1) Administrative Law 34(5) The Federal Communications Commission 36(1) The Federal Trade Commission 37(1) National Telecommunications and Information Administration 38(1) Equal Employment Opportunity Commission 38(1) National Labor Relations Board 39(1) International Regulation of Electronic Media 39(2) The Spectrum and Its Utilization 41(26) The Nature of the Spectrum 41(2) Allocation of the Spectrum 43(18) The Federal Communications Commission 45(1) Radio Allocation 46(1) AM Allocation 46(1) Clear Channels 47(1) Expanding the Band 48(1) FM Allocation 49(1) Beneficiaries 50(1) Television Allocation 51(2) Low-Power Television 53(1) Digital Broadcasting 54(1) Digital Television 54(5) Digital Radio 59(2) A Note on the Economics of Television 61(6) Justifications for Government Regulation 67(30) ``Public Interest'' and Government Regulation 67(27) Red Lion Broadcasting Co, v. Federal Communications Commission 73(15) Federal Communications Commission v. League of Women Voters of California 88(6) Is Broadcasting ``Government Action''? 94(3) Broadcast Licensing 97(60) Initial Licensing 97(14) The Administrative Process at Work 97(2) Standing for Competitor 99(1) Standing for Listeners 99(1) Unlicensed Stations 100(1)