The Fundamentals of Microcontrollers and Applications in Embedded Systems : With the PIC18 Microcontroller Family [With CD-ROM]

Preface xi Microprocessor and Microcontroller Fundamentals 1(30) Embedded Systems and Microcontrollers 2(5) Microprocessor-Based Systems: Internal View with System Bus 7(9) Software: From Machine to High-Level Languages 16(2) Data Format 18(3) Microprocessor (MPU)- and Microcontroller (MCU)-Based Systems 21(4) Historical Perspective and Look Ahead 25(6) Summary 28(1) Questions 29(2) Microcontroller Architecture---PIC18F Family 31(28) PIC18F Microcontroller Families 32(6) Processes of Data Transfer between a Microcontroller and Outside Peripherals 38(3) Support Devices 41(6) Microchip PIC Family of Devices 47(1) PIC 18F Instructions and Assembly Language 47(3) Illustration: Displaying a Byte at an I/O Port of PIC18F452 Microcontroller 50(4) Embedded System: Temperature and Time Display 54(5) Summary 56(1) Questions, Assignments, and Simulation Exercises 57(1) Simulation Exercises Using PIC18 Simulator IDE 58(1) PIC18F Programming Model and Its Instruction Set 59(34) PIC18F Programming Model 60(9) Introduction to PIC18 Instruction Set 69(14) Instruction Format 83(3) Illustration: Addition 86(7) Summary 90(1) Questions and Assignments 90(2) Simulation Exercises 92(1) Programming and Problem Solving 93(30) Approach to Problem Solving with Programming 94(3) Illustrative Program: Addition with Carry Check 97(3) Integrated Development Environment (IDE) 100(4) Illustrative Program: Addition with Carry Check 104(3) Assembling, Debugging, and Executing a Program Using MPLAB IDE 107(16) Summary 119(1) Questions and Assignments 119(2) Simulation Exercises 121(2) Introduction to Data Copy (Move), Arithmetic, and Branch Instructions 123(56) Data Copy (Move) and Set/Clear Operations 124(9) Arithmetic Operations 133(8) Redirection of Program Execution (Branch and Skip Operations) 141(5) Generating Time Delays 146(4) Illustrative Program: Generating Waveforms 150(5) Illustrative Program: Copying a Block of Data from Program Memory to Data Registers 155(6) Illustrative Program: Addition of Data Bytes 161(5) Illustrative Program: Searching for Specific Characters in a Data Set 166(13) Summary 172(1) Questions and Assignments 173(5) Simulation Exercises 178(1) Introduction to Logic, Bit Manipulation, and Multiply-Divide Operations 179(26) Logic Operations 180(4) Bit Operations 184(8) Multiply and Divide Operations 192(3) Illustrative Program: Finding the Highest Temperature in a Data String 195(3) Illustrative Program: Finding an Average Temperature of Data Readings 198(7) Summary 202(1) Questions and Assignments 202(2) Simulation Exercises 204(1) Stack and Subroutines 205(26) Stack 206(2) Subroutine 208(6) Macros and Software Stack 214(4) Illustrative Program: Copying and Adding Data Byte's 218(4) Illustrative Program: Calculating Average Temperature 222(9) Summary 227(1) Questions and Assignments 228(1) Simulation Exercises 229(2) Application Programs and Software Design 231(26) BCD to Binary Conversion 232(2) Binary to BCD Conversion 234(2) ASCII Code to Binary Conversion 236(2) Binary to ASCII Code Conversion 238(2) Illustrative Program: Multiplication of 16-Bit Numbers 240(3) Illustrative Program: Division of Two 8-Bit Unsigned Numbers 243(3) Software Design 246(11) Summary 255(1) Questions and Assignments 255(1) Simulation and Troubleshooting Exercises 255(2) Input/Output (I/O) Ports and Interfacing 257(54) Basic Concepts is I/O Interfacing and PIC18 I/O Ports 258(6) Interfacing Output Peripherals 264(4) Illustration: Displaying BCD Counter at Seven-Segment LEDs 268(8) Interfacing Input Peripherals 276(4) Illustration: Interfacing Push-Button Keys 280(7) Illustration: Interfacing an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) 287(9) Illustration: Interfacing a Matrix Keyboard 296(5) Illustration: Interfacing Seven Segment LEDs -- Time Multiplex Scanning Technique 301(10) Summary 306(2) Questions and Assignment 308(3) Interrupts 311(26) Basic Concepts in Interrupts 312(5) PIC18 Interrupts 317(11) Illustration: Implementation of Interrupt Process in PIC18 Microcontroller 328(9) Summary 333(1) Questions and Assignments 334(3) Timers 337(32) Basic Concepts in Counters and Timers 338(3) PIC18 Timers 341(12) CCP (Capture, Compare, and PWM) Modules 353(7) Illustration: Generating a Periodic Waveform Using an Interrupt 360(2) Illustration: Designing a 12-Hour Clock 362(7) Summary 366(1) Questions and Assignments 367(1) Simulation Exercises 368(1) Data Converters 369(32) Data Converters: Basic Concepts 370(7) PIC18F4520 Analog-to-Digital (A/D) Converter Module 377(6) Illustration: Interfacing a Temperature Sensor to the A/D Converter Module 383(9) Digital to Analog (D/A, DAC, or D-to-A) Conversion 392(3) Illustration: Generating a Ramp Waveform Using a D/A Converter 395(6) Summary 397(1) Questions and Assignments 398(1) Simulation Exercises 399(2) Serial I/O 401(56) Basic Concepts in Serial Communication 402(4) EIA-232 and PIC18 Serial Communication Module USART 406(12) Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) 418(11) The Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) Protocol 429(8) Illustration: Interfacing Serial EEPROM to the PIC18 MSSP Module in the SPI Mode 437(9) Illustration: Interfacing Serial EEPROM to the PIC18MSSP Module in the I2C Mode 446(11) Summary 452(2) Questions and Assignments 454(1) Simulation Exercises 455(2) Designing Embedded Systems 457(30) Features of Embedded Systems 458(2) Designing Embedded Systems 460(9) TTMS Project Design: Hardware 469(7) TTMS Project Design -- Software 476(6) Special Features and Configuration Registers 482(5) Summary 484(1) Questions and Assignments 485(1) Simulation Exercises 486(1) Appendix A PIC18FXXX/XXXX Instruction Set 487(28) Appendix B In-Circuit Emulator (ICE), In-Circuit Debugger (ICD), and Microchip MPLAB® ICD 2 515(8) Troubleshooting Tools: In-Circuit Emulator (ICE) and In-Circuit Debugger (ICD) 515(1) MPLAB® ICD 2 516(7) Appendix C Operational Amplifiers and Signal Conditioning Circuits 523(6) Operational Amplifier (Op Amp) 523(3) Signal Conditioning Circuit (SCC) 526(3) Appendix D Number Systems and Hex Arithmetic 529(8) Number Conversion 529(2) Conversion from Decimal Numbers into Other Number Systems Using Repeated Division 531(2) 2's Complement and Arithmetic Operations 533(4) Appendix E American Standard Code for Information Interchange: ASCII Codes 537(2) Appendix F PIC18 Simulator IDE 539(12) How to Use the PIC18F Simulator: 540(5) BASIC Compiler 545(1) Additional Examples 546(5) Index 551