The Illustrated Guide to Functional Anatomy of the Musculokeletal System

About the Author vii Introduction ix 1 Concepts of Functional Anatomy 1(26) Patterns 3(1) Musculoskeletal Function 4(1) Muscular Tone 4(4) Muscle Contraction 8(7) Effect of Tension on Muscular Contraction 11(1) Characteristics of Muscle Contraction 12(3) Collagen 15(1) Articulations 16(11) 2 Functional Anatomy of the Lumbosacral Spine 27(58) Structure and Function of the Spine 27(16) Static Spine 27(1) Lumbosacral Spine 27(9) Kinetic Spine 36(7) Posterior Spinal Elements 43(4) Role of Muscles in the Activated Spine 47(7) Lumbosacral Rhythm 54(2) Ligaments in Spinal Function 56(15) Spinal Instability 56(8) Stability of the Static Spine 64(7) Functional Anatomy of Discogenic Disease 71(3) Neurological System of the Lumbar Spine 74(11) 3 Functional Anatomy of the Cervical Spine 85(28) Upper Cervical Complex 85(9) Ligaments of the Occipital-Atlas-Axis Segment of the Cervical Spine 91(3) Lower Cervical Complex 94(6) Uncovertebral Joint 94(6) Kinetic Cervical Spine 100(2) Function of the Uncinate Processes and Luschka Joints 102(4) Innervation of the Upper Cervical Segment 106(3) Musculature of the Cervical Spine 109(4) 4 Functional Anatomy of the Shoulder 113(32) Scapulocostal Joint 113(9) Muscles Acting on the Scapula 114(8) The Glenohumeral Joint 122(14) Rotator Cuff 124(3) Kinetic Action of Muscles of the Glenohumeral Joint 127(5) Kinetic Motion of the Glenohumeral Joint 132(4) Scapulohumeral Rhythm 136(2) Bicipital Mechanism of Glenohumeral Action 138(3) Thoracic Outlet 141(2) Functional Anatomy of Painful Syndromes 143(2) 5 Functional Anatomy of the Elbow, Wrist, Hand, and Fingers 145(48) The Elbow 145(7) Extrinsic Muscles 150(2) The Wrist 152(13) Ligaments of the Wrist 157(2) Carpal Bones 159(2) Cubital Tunnel 161(4) Navicular (Scaphoid) Bone 165(1) The Hand and Fingers 165(7) Metacarpal Bones 165(3) Metacarpophalangeal Joint 168(2) Phalanges 170(2) Extrinsic Muscle-Tendinous Control 172(2) Flexor Tendons 172(2) Intrinsic Muscles 174(5) Extensor Digital Mechanisms 179(3) Retinacular Ligaments 182(2) Intrinsic Muscles of the Thenar and Hypothenar Groups 184(4) Nerve Control of the Hand 188(3) The Median Nerve 188(1) The Ulnar Nerve 189(1) The Radial Nerve 190(1) Functional Anatomy of Frequent Painful Syndromes of the Hand 191(2) 6 Functional Anatomy of the Knee 193(44) Femoral-Tibial Articulation 193(14) Menisci 193(4) Joint Stability 197(2) Collateral Ligaments 199(1) Blood Supply to Femoral-Tibial Joint Structures 199(3) Capsular and Collateral Ligaments 202(1) Lateral Collateral Ligaments 203(2) The Cruciate Ligaments 205(2) The Patellar-Femoral Joint 207(1) The Femoral-Tibial and Patellar-Femoral Joints 208(1) Ligamentous Control of Flexion-Extension 209(2) Collateral Ligaments During Flexion-Extension 211(5) Motion of the Menisci 215(1) Muscular Action on Knee-Joint Motion 216(9) The Patellar-Femoral Articlator 219(1) Patellar Movement During Knee Movement 219(6) Posterior Thigh-Knee Muscles 225(6) Nerve Supply 230(1) The Knee Joint in Normal Gait 231(3) The Knee in Stair Climbing and Descent 234(1) Knee Deformities 235(2) 7 Functional Anatomy of the Hip joint 237(14) Hip Range of Motion 240(2) Muscles of the Hip Joint 242(6) Gluteus Maximus 242(1) Gluteus Medius and Minimus 243(1) Iliopsoas Muscles 243(1) Hamstring Muscles 243(1) Tensor Muscle of Fascia Lata 244(3) Sartorius Muscle 247(1) Femoral Triangle 248(1) The Hip in Gait 249(2) 8 Functional Anatomy of the Foot and Ankle 251(46) The Ankle Joint 251(5) Bones and Joints of the Foot 256(11) Talocalcaneal Joint 259(4) Talocalcaneal Ligaments 263(1) Talonavicular Joint 264(1) Calcaneocuboid Joint 265(1) Transverse Tarsal Joint 265(2) Arches of the Foot 267(6) Transverse Arches 267(1) Longitudinal Arches 268(1) Plantar Fascia 269(4) Metatarsophalangeal Joints 273(2) Tendon Attachments to Toes 275(1) Muscles of the Foot 275(10) Extrinsic Foot Muscles 275(7) Intrinsic Foot Muscles 282(3) Nerve Supply of the Foot 285(4) Blood Supply of the Foot 289(2) The Foot in Normal Gait 291(6) Foot-Ankle Relationship During Gait 292(1) Rotational Determinants of Gait 292(5) Index 297