Yildiz, Kerim; Chomsky, Noam Chomsky

The Kurds in Turkey : Eu Accession and Human Rights

Map of the area inhabited by Kurds vii Acknowledgements ix Foreword x Noam Chomsky List of Abbreviations xxviii Introduction 1(3) Background 4(16) The Kurds 4(2) History of the Kurds 6(6) History of Turkey 12(3) The Kurds in Turkey 15(5) Turkey, the Kurds and the EU 20(21) The route to accession 20(4) The opening of formal EU accession negotiations 24(1) The political context of Turkey's EU bid 25(3) Accession and the Kurds 28(4) Fulfilment of the Copenhagen Criteria for EU accession? 32(7) Turkey in Europe: the future 39(2) Civil, Political and Cultural Rights in Turkey 41(35) The pro-EU reform process 42(1) Torture and `zero tolerance' 43(6) Publishing and the media 49(5) Civil society in Turkey 54(4) Political participation 58(5) Cultural and linguistic rights 63(8) Human rights reform and EU accession 71(1) A question of implementation? 72(4) Internal Displacement 76(13) Background to displacement 76(3) The government response to displacement today 79(1) Government assistance for return 80(3) State impediments to return 83(1) Remedies and redress for displacement 84(1) International offers of assistance 85(1) International standards on internal displacement 86(2) Displacement: A de facto change in the ethnic makeup of the countryside? 88(1) The Kurds and Human and Minority Rights 89(15) Pro-EU reforms 90(1) Continued oppression 91(1) The need for a comprehensive solution 92(1) The Kurds and minority rights 93(1) Minority rights standards in Turkey 94(4) Compliance with minority rights standards: definitional issues 98(3) Compliance with international standards: substantive rights 101(2) The future of minority rights in Turkey 103(1) Conflict in the Southeast 104(14) Origins and development of the conflict 104(3) Resurgence of the conflict 107(1) Implications of the renewed armed conflict 108(1) The conflict and democratization in Turkey 108(2) Resolving the conflict 110(2) International peacemaking 112(1) The conflict and Turkish ethnic nationalism 113(1) Amnesties 114(1) The conflict in the Southeast and the Kurdish question 115(3) The International Dimensions to the Conflict 118(15) Turkey, her neighbours and the Kurds 118(1) Turkish military activity in northern Iraq 119(2) Kirkuk: Turkish fears over Kurdish autonomy 121(3) A Turkish invasion of northern Iraq? 124(2) Response in the West 126(1) Turkey, Iran and Syria: a new common ground 126(1) Syrian--Turkish relations and the Kurds 126(3) Iranian--Turkish relations and the Kurds 129(2) An anti-democratic alliance 131(2) The EU and the Kurds 133(17) The EU's responsibility towards the Kurds 133(1) Europe's responsibility to the Kurds 134(3) The EU approach to the Kurdish situation 137(4) The adequacy of the EU's approach 141(4) The EU and the conflict in the Southeast 145(3) The Kurds and the future of EU accession negotiations 148(2) Notes 150(26) Index 176