Perry, Barbara A.

The Michigan Affirmative Action Cases

Editors' Preface ix Preface xi 1. "An American Dilemma": Racial Politics in the Pre-Bakke Era 1 2. Bakke to the Future: Affirmative Action Precedents 21 3. Admission Denied: The University of Michigan Rejects Jennifer Gratz and Barbara Grutter 43 4. "Can We Sue?": Gratz and Grutter Go to Court 63 5. "All the Way to the Supreme Court": Briefs for the Justices 87 6. "Jim Crow, Hell No!": Oral Argument at the U.S. Supreme Court 109 7. "Diversity Is a Compelling State Interest": Justice Sandra Day O'Connor Upholds Affirmative Action 135 8. "Affirmative Reaction": In the Wake of Gratz and Grutter 157 Chronology 179 Relevant Cases 183 Bibliographic Essay 185 Index 191