The War on Drugs IV : The Continuing Saga of the Mysteries and Miseries of Intoxication, Addiction, Crime and Public Policy

Preface xii The Mysteries and Miseries of Intoxication and Addiction 1(14) Roots, Berries, Herbs, and Grains: Thoughts on Cocktails, Brews, and Other Libations and Potations in Stone-Age Culture 2(2) Professors, Politicians, Word Games, and the FDA: Some Trivial Distinctions Between Drug Use, Drug Misuse, and Drug Abuse 4(1) Answering the Enigmatic Question: Is It Drug Addiction or Drug Dependence? Or Maybe It's Something Called Pseudoaddiction 5(3) How Many Drug Abusers are There? 8(3) Postscript 11(4) PART I DRUG FADS, FASHIONS, AND EPIDEMICS: SOME PERSPECTIVES ON GETTING HIGH IN AMERICA 15(74) From Dover's Powder to the Evil Weed of the Fields: The Early History of Drug Taking in America 15(23) Thomas Dover, Robinson Crusoe, and the Great American Medicine Show 16(4) Triplex Liver Pills, French Wine Coca, and the Introduction of Cocaine to the United States 20(3) The Peculiar Legacy of Bayer Laboratories 23(2) Hucksters, the Red Clause, and the Emergence of Antidrug Legislation 25(4) Snow Parties, German War Propaganda, and the Rise of the Criminal Addict 29(1) Marijuana: The Evil Weed of the Fields, Roadsides, and River Beds 30(5) Postscript 35(3) Everybody Smokes Dope: Drug Use in Post--World War II America 38(27) The Road to H 38(3) Timothy Leary Is Dead 41(5) From Black Beauty to King Kong 46(3) The Many Lives of Captain Quaalude 49(1) Everybody Smokes Dope 50(4) Tic, Rocket Fuel, and the Specter of the Living Dead 54(3) Postscript 57(8) ``Crank'' (Methamphetamine) 57(1) ``Ice'' (Methamphetamine) 58(1) ``Crystal Meth'' (Methamphetamine) 58(1) Marijuana 59(1) Tobacco 60(1) OxyContin, Crack, and HIV/AIDS 61(4) Binge Drinking, Raves, Circuit Parties, and the Mickey Finn: Drugs and the Youth Culture at the Beginning of the Twenty-First Century 65(24) Alcohol: The Devil's Cocktail 65(6) Aqua Vitae, Ambrosia, and the Corruptor of Youth 66(2) Bladder Busting and Drinking to Get Drunk 68(3) Club Cultures and Club Drugs 71(8) Raves 71(1) House, Techno, and Trance 71(2) XTC, Special K, and Other Club Drugs 73(3) Circuit Parties 76(3) The Changing Life of the Mickey Finn: Acquaintance-Rape Drugs---Yesterday and Today 79(3) Knockout Drops 79(2) Rohypnol: A Twenty-First-Century Mickey Finn 81(1) Brews and Blends Both Familiar and Strange: The Adulteration of Club, Party, and Dance Drugs 82(3) Caffeine: A Domesticated Drug 83(1) Ersatz XTC 84(1) Postscript 85(4) PART II SHIT, SMACK, SUPERFLY, AND HILLBILLY HEROIN: THE MOST DANGEROUS SUBSTANCES ON EARTH 89(92) China White and Mexican Black: Comments on the Production, Trafficking, and Use of Heroin 89(27) What, Indeed, are Narcotic Drugs? 90(1) Heroin: ``The Most Dangerous Substance on Earth'' 91(8) Adventures on the Opium Express 92(4) Mexican Black Tar and Colombian Death Wish 96(3) H is for Heaven, H is for Hell, H is for Heroin 99(5) Gambling with Death 104(4) The Heroin Epidemics 108(1) Heroin Chic and the Gen-X Junkie 109(1) Postscript 110(6) Cocaine, Crack, and Other Analogs of ``Mama Coca'' 116(37) Cocaine: ``The Most Dangerous Substance on Earth'' 117(16) Adventures along the Cocaine Highway 117(9) The Colombian Cocaine Cartels 126(3) The Mexican Drug Cartels 129(1) Hotel California? 129(1) Fire in the Brain 129(4) Coca Paste and Hurricane Crack: The Smoking of Mama Coca 133(6) The Discovery of Crack 133(1) Unraveling Crack Cocaine 134(5) Sketches from the Crack Hustle 139(5) Cracks, Hard White, and Eight-Ball 140(1) ``Crack Is My Pimp'' 141(3) The Crack Baby Myth 144(3) Postscript 147(6) Bars, Footballs, OCs, and Watson 387: Prescription Drug Abuse and Diversion in the Twenty-First Century 153(28) Opioids, Benzos, and Prescription Stimulants 153(3) Opioids 153(2) Benzodiazepines 155(1) Stimulants 156(1) The Epidemiology of Prescription Drug Abuse 156(2) Oxycontin: Miracle Medicine or Devil Drug? 158(10) OxyContin and Oxycodone 159(2) Diversion of OxyContin 161(1) OxyContin Abuse in the Early 2000s 161(2) A National OxyContin Epidemic? 163(1) ``Hillbilly Heroin'' and the Crazed Media Frenzy 164(4) The Diversion of Prescription Medications 168(8) Studying Prescription Drug Diversion 169(5) Other Sources of Diversion 174(2) Postscript 176(5) Part III SOME CONSEQUENCES OF DRUG TAKING AND DRUG SEEKING 181(74) Legends of the Living Dead: Unraveling the Drugs--Crime Connection 181(36) Religious Alchemy, the Saga of D. B. Cooper, and the Genesis of the Drug Myths 182(2) The Tale of a Terrible Vice 184(1) Fables and Parables of the ``Living Dead'' 185(4) Drugs, Sex, and Rock `N' Roll 189(5) The Riddle of the Sphinx 194(4) America's First War on Drugs 198(3) Heroin, Cocaine, and Crime in the Streets 201(1) The Drugs--Violence Connection 202(4) Drug Use, Sex Work, and the Subculture of Violence 206(3) Postscript 209(8) Mainlining in the Shadow of Death: Probing the HIV/AIDS--Drugs Connection 217(38) AIDS: A Strange Disease of Uncertain Origins 217(11) The Emergence of AIDS 218(2) The Rise and Fall of Anita Bryant 220(2) Exploring the Viral Frontier 222(2) The Origins of HIV/AIDS 224(4) Mainlining Death 228(8) Shooting Galleries and Injection Drug Use 228(4) Shooting Galleries and Viral Contamination 232(2) Rip Offs and Running Partners 234(2) Viral Hepatitis and Injection Drug Use 236(2) The Dilemmas of Drugs, Sex, HCV, and HIV/AIDS 238(7) HIV Risk Reduction among Injection and Other Drug Users 240(1) Trojans, Rubbers, Frogskins, and Bishops: A Brief Discourse on Condoms, Both Male and Female 240(4) Needle/Syringe Exchange 244(1) Postscript 245(10) PART IV STRATEGIES IN THE WAR ON DRUGS 255(69) The Great Drug War: Policies and Programs to Reduce Drug Supply and Demand 255(29) Supply-Reduction Strategies 256(12) Fat Albert, Blue Thunder, and Posse Comitatus: Weapons for the New War on Drugs 257(1) The Conch Republic Rebellion 258(2) Zero Tolerance 260(1) Presidents, Czars, Chiefs, and Generals: Leadership for the War on Drugs 261(7) The Bush/Walters Strategy 268(1) Demand-Reduction Strategies 268(9) Substance Abuse Prevention 268(5) Substance Abuse Treatment 273(4) Postscript 277(7) The Great Drug Debate: The War on American Drug Policy 284(26) Legalization of Drugs: The Professed Benefits 284(2) Unresolved Issues in the Quest for a Legalized Drug Market 286(2) The Public Health and Behavioral Consequences Argument 288(4) The Crime and Enslavement Argument 292(3) The Drugs/Violence Argument 295(2) The Expanded Market Argument 297(1) Sophism, Legalization, and Illicit Drug Use 298(3) Prohibition Versus Regulation 301(2) Postscript 303(7) What Is Harm Reduction? 303(7) War Is Not the Answer 310(14) The Golden Fleece Award 310(2) Incarcerating Drug-Involved Offenders 312(1) California's Proposition 36 313(3) Treating Drug-Involved Offenders in Correctional Settings 316(5) Postscript 321(3) Appendix A General Drug Terms and Concepts 324(4) Appendix B Scheduling Provisions of the Federal Controlled Substances Act 328(1) Name Index 329(2) Subject Index 331