Tower and Office - From Modernist Theory to Contemporary Practice

Foreword viii Joan Ockman Acknowledgments ix Introduction 2(5) PART ONE HIGH-RISE CONSTRUCTION AND THE MODERN MOVEMENT 7(30) The Theoretical Contributions of Le Corbusier 11(26) The Cruciform Skyscraper (1920--1930) 11(4) The Cartesian Skyscraper (1930--1938) 15(10) The Lozenge-Shaped Skyscraper (1938--1950) 25(12) Le Corbusier Skyscrapers 31(6) PART TWO TECHNOLOGICAL EVOLUTION OF CONTEMPORARY HIGH-RISE STRUCTURES 37(136) Structural Development 41(58) The End of the Reticulated Frame 41(13) The Contribution of SOM (1953--1970) 54(16) Contemporary Structural Optimization: The Logic of Eccentricity 70(16) Contemporary Structural Optimization: Dissipated Energy 86(13) Structural Evolution 94(5) Evolution of Glass Curtain Wall Construction 99(38) Glass in Modern Architecture 99(11) The Contemporary Glass Skin 110(27) The Mechanically Regulated Environment and Its Structural Implications 137(36) From the United Nations Secretariat to the Office Landscape (1950--1970) 137(13) From the Office Landscape to the Automated Building (1970--2000) 150(23) Structural Implications of the Mechanically Regulated Environment 166, 169(173) PART THREE TYPOLOGICAL AND URBAN EVOLUTION OF THE CONTEMPORARY HIGH-RISE BUILDING 173(92) The Evolution of Space Planning in the Workplace 177(40) Planned Labor: The Taylorist Office 177(13) The Open-Plan Office, the Office Landscape, and the Automated Workstation 190(27) Evolution of the Spatial Organization of the Workplace 212(5) Evolution of Topological Planning in the High-Rise Building: The Mixed-Use Skyscraper 217(48) The Modern Skyscraper and Superimposed Functions 217(11) Contemporary Mixed-Use Skyscrapers: Planning and Technology in Design 228(37) Stratified Organization in Skyscrapers 258(7) Epilogue 265(8) Notes 273(12) Illustration Credits 285(6) Index of Names 291