Using Research Instruments

List of illustrations ix Acknowledgements xiii Introduction 1(6) 1 Questionnaires 7(36) Why use a questionnaire? Why might they be useful? 8(2) Types of questionnaire 10(1) Types of question 10(6) Design issues and other considerations when using questionnaires 16(4) Coding responses and analysing questionnaire data 20(13) Limitations 33(6) Key textbooks focusing on developing and using questionnaires 39(4) 2 Interviews 43(24) Draft the interview 44(8) Pilot your questions 52(1) Select your sample interviewees 52(1) Conduct the interview 53(10) Analysing the interview data 63(2) Key textbooks focusing on developing and using interviews 65(2) 3 Content analysis 67(22) What is content analysis? 67(2) Basic principles 69(7) Qualitative content analysis 76(5) Different approaches to content analysis 81(5) Key textbooks focusing on developing and using content analysis 86(3) 4 Focus groups 89(26) What are focus-group interviews? 90(1) What is distinctive about focus groups? 91(2) Might your research benefit from conducting focus groups? 93(4) Conducting focus-group interviews 97(11) Disadvantages of focus groups 108(2) A practice exercise 110(1) Key texts on focus-group research 110(5) 5 Observation 115(28) What is observation? 116(1) Why choose observation? 117(1) Should you consider using observation in your research? 118(4) Planning and conducting your observation 122(19) Conclusion 141(1) Key texts on observational research 142(1) 6 Researching the things people say and do 143(26) The video-camera 144(6) Using video: a case study 150(16) Concluding comment: what's the big deal about data-driven research? 166(2) Suggested reading 168(1) Bibliography 169(4) Index 173