Varible Speed Generators

Wound Rotor Induction Generators (WRIGs): Steady State 1(1) Introduction 1(3) Construction Elements 4(5) Magnetic Cores Windings and Their mmfs Slip-Rings and Brushes Steady-State Equations 9(2) Equivalent Circuit 11(2) Phasor Diagrams 13(5) Operation at the Power Grid 18(4) Stator Power vs. Power Angle Rotor Power vs. Power Angle Operation at Zero Slip (S = 0) Autonomous Operation of WRIG 22(6) Operation of WRIG in the Brushless Exciter Mode 28(5) Losses and Efficiency of WRIG 33(1) Summary 34 References 36 Wound Rotor Induction Generators: Transients and Control 1(1) Introduction 1(1) The WRIG Phase Coordinate Model 2(3) The Space-Phasor Model of WRIG 5(2) Space-Phasor Equivalent Circuits and Diagrams 7(5) Approaches to WRIG Transients 12(1) Static Power Converters for WRIGs 13(5) Direct AC-AC Converters DC Voltage Link AC--AC Converters Vector Control of WRIG at Power Grid 18(16) Principles of Vector Control of Machine (Rotor)-Side Converter Vector Control of Source-Side Converter Wind Power WRIG Vector Control at the Power Grid Direct Power Control (DPC) of WRIG at Power Grid 34(5) The Concept of DPC Independent Vector Control of Positive and Negative Sequence Currents 39(2) Motion-Sensorless Control 41(3) Vector Control in Stand-Alone Operation 44(1) Self-Starting, Synchronization, and Loading at the Power Grid 45(4) Voltage and Current Low-Frequency Harmonics of WRIG 49(2) Summary 51 References 53 Wound Rotor Induction Generators (WRIGs): Design and Testing 1(1) Introduction 1(1) Design Specifications --- An Example 2(1) Stator Design 3(5) Rotor Design 8(4) Magnetization Current 12(4) Reactances and Resistances 16(3) Electrical Losses and Efficiency 19(2) Testing of WRIGs 21(1) Summary 22 References 23 Self-Excited Induction Generators 1(1) Introduction 1(1) The Cage Rotor Induction Machine Principle 2(2) Self-Excitation: A Qualitative View 4(2) Steady-State Performance of Three-Phase SEIGs 6(6) Second-Order Slip Equation Methods SEIGs with Series Capacitance Compensation Performance Sensitivity Analysis 12(2) For Constant Speed For Unregulated Prime Movers Pole Changing SEIGs for Variable Speed Operation 14(3) Unbalanced Operation of Three-Phase SEIGs 17(2) One Phase Open at Power Grid 19(3) Three-Phase SEIG with Single-Phase Output 22(4) Two-Phase SEIGs with Single-Phase Output 26(4) Three-Phase SEIG Transients 30(3) Parallel Connection of SEIGs 33(2) Connection Transients in Cage Rotor Induction Generators at Power Grid 35(6) More on Power Grid Disturbance Transients in Cage Rotor Induction Generators 41(4) Summary 45 References 47 Stator Converter Controlled Induction Generators (SCIGs) 1(1) Introduction 1(1) Grid Connected SCIGs: The Control System 2(10) The Machine-Side PWM Converter Control Grid-Side Converter Control Grid Connection and Four-Quadrant Operation of SCIGs 12(3) Stand-Alone Operation of SCIG 15(2) Parallel Operation of SCIGs 17(1) Static Capacitor Exciter Stand-Alone IG for Pumping Systems 18(2) Operation of SCIGs with DC Voltage Controlled Output 20(3) Dual Stator Winding for Grid Applications 23(2) Summary 25 References 26 Automotive Claw-Pole-Rotor Generator Systems 1(1) Introduction 1(1) Construction and Principle 2(4) Magnetic Equivalent Circuit (MEC) Modeling 6(3) Three-Dimensional Finite Element Method (3D FEM) Modeling 9(5) Losses, Efficiency, and Power Factor 14(3) Design Improvement Steps 17(7) Claw-Pole Geometry Booster Diode Effects Assisting Permanent Magnets Increasing the Number of Poles Winding Tapping (Reconfiguration) Claw-Pole Damper The Controlled Rectifier The Lundell Starter/Generator for Hybrid Vehicles 24(8) Summary 32 References 33 Induction Starter/Alternators (ISAs) for Electric Hybrid Vehicles (EHVs) 1(1) EHV Configuration 1(3) Essential Specifications 4(5) Peak Torque (Motoring) and Power (Generating) Battery Parameters and Characteristics Topology Aspects of Induction Starter/Alternator (ISA) 9(2) ISA Space-Phasor Model and Characteristics 11(9) Vector Control of ISA 20(1) DTFC of ISA 21(3) ISA Design Issues for Variable Speed 24(7) Power and Voltage Derating Increasing Efficiency Increasing the Breakdown Torque Additional Measures for Wide Constant Power Range Summary 31 References 33 Permanent-Magnet-Assisted Reluctance Synchronous Starter/Alternators for Electric Hybrid Vehicles 1(1) Introduction 1(2) Topologies of PM-RSM 3(2) Finite Element Analysis 5(7) Flux Distribution The d-q Inductances The Cogging Torque Core Losses Computation by FEM The d-q Model of PM-RSM 12(7) Steady-State Operation at No Load and Symmetric Short-Circuit 19(2) Generator No-Load Symmetrical Short-Circuit Design Aspects for Wide Speed Range Constant Power Operation 21(6) Power Electronics for PM-RSM for Automotive Applications 27(3) Control of PM-RSM for EHV 30(2) State Observers without Signal Injection for Motion Sensorless Control 32(2) Signal Injection Rotor Position Observers 34(1) Initial and Low Speed Rotor Position Tracking 34(5) Summary 39 References 41 Switched Reluctance Generators and Their Control 1(1) Introduction 1(1) Practical Topologies and Principles of Operation 2(7) The kW/Peak kVA Ratio SRG(M) Modeling 9(1) The Flux/Current/Position Curves 10(2) Design Issues 12(6) Motor and Generator Specifications Number of Phases, Stator and Rotor Poles: m, Ns, Nr Stator Bore Diameter Dis and Stack Length The Number of Turns per Coil Wc for Motoring Current Waveforms for Generator Mode PWM Converters for SRGs 18(3) Control of SRG(M)s 21(4) Feed-Forward Torque Control of SRG(M) with Position Feedback Direct Torque Control of SRG(M) 25(5) Rotor Position and Speed Observers for Motion-Sensorless Control 30(1) Signal Injection for Standstill Position Estimation Output Voltage Control in SRG 31(2) Summary 33 References 35 Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator Systems 1(1) Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator Systems Introduction 2(1) Practical Configurations and Their Characterization 3(8) Distributed vs. Concentrated Windings Airgap Field Distribution, emf and Torque 11(8) Stator Core Loss Modeling 19(7) FEM-Derived Core Loss Formulas Simplified Analytical Core Loss Formulas The Circuit Model 26(7) The Phase Coordinate Model The d--q Model of PMSG Circuit Model of PMSG with Shunt Capacitors and AC Load 33(2) Circuit Model of PMSG with Diode Rectifier Load 35(3) Utilization of Third Harmonic for PMSG with Diode Rectifiers 38(3) Autonomous PMSGs with Controlled Constant Speed and AC Load 41(4) Grid-Connected Variable-Speed PMSG System 45(3) The Diode Rectifier and Boost DC--DC Converter Case The PM Genset with Multiple Outputs 48(4) Super-High-Speed PM Generators: Design Issues 52(6) Rotor Sizing Stator Sizing The Losses Super-High-Speed PM Generators: Power Electronics Control Issues 58(4) Design of a 42 Vdc Battery-Controlled-Output PMSG System 62(9) Design Initial Data The Minimum Speed: nmin The Number of Poles: 2p1 The Rotor Configuration The Stator Winding Type Winding Tapping The PMSG Current Waveform The Diode Rectifier Imposes almost Unity Power Factor Peak Torque-Based Sizing Generator to DC Voltage Relationships The ΨPM, Ls, Rs Expressions Methods for Testing PMSGs 71(10) Standstill Tests No-Load Generator Tests Short-Circuit Generator Tests Stator Leakage Inductance and Skin Effect The Motor No-Load Test The Generator Load Tests Note on Medium-Power Vehicular Electric Generator Systems 81(1) Summary 82 References 84 Transverse Flux and Flux Reversal Permanent Magnet Generator Systems 1(1) Introduction 1(5) The Three-Phase Transverse Flux Machine (TFM): Magnetic Circuit Design 6(9) The Phase Inductance Ls Phase Resistance and Slot Area TFM --- the d--q Model and Steady State 15(3) The Three-Phase Flux Reversal Permanent Magnet Generator: Magnetic and Electric Circuit Design 18(24) Preliminary Geometry for 200 Nm at 128 rpm via Conceptual Design FEM Analysis of Pole-PM FRM at No Load FEM Analysis at Steady State on Load FEM Computation of Inductances Inductances and the Circuit Model of FRM The d--q Model of FRM Notes on Flux Reversal Generator (FRG) Control Summary 42 References 43 Linear Motion Alternators (LMAs) 1(39) Introduction 1(1) LMA Principle of Operation 2(4) The Motion Equation PM-LMA with Coil Mover 6(1) Multipole LMA with Coil Plus Iron Mover 7(6) PM-Mover LMAs 13(3) The Tubular Homopolar PM Mover Single-Coil LMA 16(4) The Flux Reversal LMA with Mover PM Flux Concentration 20(7) PM-LMAs with Iron Mover 27(1) The Flux Reversal PM-LMA Tubular Configuration 27(5) The Analytical Model Control of PM-LMAs 32(3) Electrical Control The Spark-Ignited Gasoline Linear Engine Model Note on Stirling Engine LMA Stability Progressive-Motion LMAs for Maglevs with Active Guideway 35(4) Note on Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Linear Generators Summary 39(1) References 40 Index