Views from the South : The Effects of Globalization and the Wto on Third World Countries

Foreword: The Resistance To Southern Perspectives 1(7) Jerry Mander How the South is getting a Raw Deal at the WTO 7(47) Martin Khor The WTO as an Instrument to Govern the South Inherent Biases in the WTO System: Lack of Transparency and Participation Inequities between North and South in the WTO Agreements Third World Scholars Critique the Uruguay Round The Uruguay Round's Combination of Liberalization and Protection for Corporate Interests Difficulties for Developing Countries Generated by the WTO Agreements and Their Problems of Implementation The Need to Review and Repair the WTO Agreements Pressure for New Issues Dangers of the Proliferation of ``Trade Related Issues'' The Proposed New Issues and Dangers to the South The Dangers of Four New Issues Investment Competition Government Procurement Industrial Tariffs Other Issues at the Door: Environment and Labor Social and Environmental Issues Seeking an Entrance Trade and the Environment Trade and Labor Standards Conclusion Building an Iron Cage: Bretton Woods Institutions, the WTO, and the South 54(37) Walden Bello The 1950s through the 1970s: Emergence of the Southern Agenda The Bretton Woods Institutions Focus on the South The Southern Challenge in the 1970s Right-Wing Reaction and the Demonization of the South Targeting the UN System The 1980s and Early 1990s: Resubordination of the South Structural Adjustment Bringing the NICs to Heel Dismantling the UN Development System The World Trade Organization: Sealing the Defeat of the South The WTO and Industrialization in the South TRIPs and Agriculture The Agreement on Agriculture Oligarchic Decision Making Strategy for Change War Against Nature and the People of the South 91(35) Dr. Vandana Shiva Globalization of India's Agriculture Shift to Export Crops Cotton: Seeds of Suicide Shrimp Factories Other Export Crops: Costs Exceed Earnings Imports: Diversity Destroyed Corporate Control of Processing and Packaging The Driving Forces behind Globalization of Agriculture The Agribusiness Giants The WTO Agreement on Agriculture Domestic Support Market Access Export Competition Upcoming Review of the AOA Need for a New Paradigm TRIPs and Biopiracy History of Intellectual Property Rights Introduction of TRIPs Upcoming Review of TRIPs Citizens' Movements Conclusion Implications for Developing Countries and Least Developed Countries 126(29) Dot Keet Dashed Expectations in Developing Countries Abuses of the Multilateral Rules-based System by Developed Countries Marginalization for Least Developed Countries Future Implications for Developing Countries New Pressures from Developed Countries Millennial Challenges Special and Differential Terms Implementation of Obligations and Interrogations Impact Assessment and Possible Modifications Possible Preemptive Positions by Developing Countries Further and More Fundamental Aims Two Cases of Corporate Rule 155(9) The Case of Chile: Dictatorship and Neoliberalism Sara Larrain The Case of Nigeria: Corporate Oil and Tribal Blood Oronto Douglas Afterword 164 Anuradha Mittal