Whales, Whaling and Ocean Ecosystems

List of Contributors vii List of Tables ix List of Figures xi Introduction 1(6) James A. Estes BACKGROUND Whales, Interaction Webs, and Zero-Sum Ecology 7(7) Robert T. Paine Lessons From Land Present and Past Signs of Ecological Decay and the Overture to Earth's Sixth Mass Extinction 14(13) C. Josh Donlan Paul S. Martin Gary W. Roemer When Ecological Pyramids Were Upside Down 27(11) Jeremy B. C. Jackson Pelagic Ecosystem Response to a Century of Commercial Fishing and Whaling 38(12) Timothy E. Essington Evidence for Bottom-Up Control of Upper-Trophic-Level Marine Populations Is it Scale-Dependent? 50(17) George L. Hunt, Jr. WHALES AND WHALING Evolutionary Patterns in Cetacea Fishing Up Prey Size through Deep Time 67(15) David R. Lindberg Nicholas D. Pyenson A Taxonomy of World Whaling Operations and Eras 82(20) Randall R. Reeves Tim D. Smith The History of Whales Read from DNA 102(14) Stephen R. Palumbi Joe Roman Changes in Marine Mammal Biomass in the Bering Sea/Aleutian Islands Region before and after the Period of Commercial Whaling 116(18) Bete Pfister Douglas P. DeMaster Industrial Whaling in the North Pacific Ocean 1952--1978 Spatial Patterns of Harvest and Decline 134(11) Eric M. Danner Matthew J. Kauffman Robert L. Brownell, Jr. Worldwide Distribution and Abundance of Killer Whales 145(18) Karin A. Forney Paul R. Wade The Natural History and Ecology of Killer Whales 163(11) Lance G. Barrett-Lennard Kathy A. Heise Killer Whales as Predators of Large Baleen Whales and Sperm Whales 174(17) Randall R. Reeves Joel Berger Phillip J. Clapham PROCESS AND THEORY Physiological and Ecological Consequences of Extreme Body Size in Whales 191(11) Terrie M. Williams Ecosystem Impact of the Decline of Large Whales in the North Pacific 202(13) Donald A. Croll Raphael Kudela Bernie R. Tershy The Removal of Large Whales from the Southern Ocean Evidence for Long-Term Ecosystem Effects? 215(16) Lisa T. Ballance Robert L. Pitman Roger P. Hewitt Donald B. Siniff Wayne Z. Trivelpiece Phillip J. Clapham Robert L. Brownell, Jr. Great Whales as Prey Using Demography and Bioenergetics to Infer Interactions in Marine Mammal Communities 231(14) Daniel F. Doak Terrie M. Williams James A. Estes Whales and Whaling in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea Oceanographic Insights and Ecosystem Impacts 245(17) Alan M. Springer Gus B. van Vliet John F. Piatt Eric M. Danner Legacy of Industrial Whaling Could Killer Whales be Responsible for Declines of Sea Lions, Elephant Seals, and Minke Whales in the Southern Hemisphere? 262(17) Trevor A. Branch Terrie M. Williams Predator Diet Breadth and Prey Population Dynamics Mechanism and Modeling 279(7) Marc Mangel Nicholas Wolf Bigger Is Better The Role of Whales as Detritus in Marine Ecosystems 286(17) Craig R. Smith CASE STUDIES Gray Whales in the Bering and Chukchi Seas 303(11) Raymond C. Highsmith Kenneth O. Coyle Bodil A. Bluhm Brenda Konar Whales, Whaling, and Ecosystems in the North Atlantic Ocean 314(10) Phillip J. Clapham Jason S. Link Sperm Whales in Ocean Ecosystems 324(11) Hal Whitehead Ecosystem Effects of Fishing and Whaling in the North Pacific and Atlantic Oceans 335(9) Boris Worm Heike K. Lotze Ransom A. Myers Potential Influences of Whaling on the Status and Trends of Pinniped Populations 344(19) Daniel P. Costa Michael J. Weise John P. Y. Arnould SOCIAL CONTEXT The Dynamic Between Social Systems and Ocean Ecosystems Are There Lessons from Commercial Whaling? 363(10) Daniel W. Bromley Whaling, Law, and Culture 373(6) Michael K. Orbach OVERVIEW AND SYNTHESIS Whales Are Big and It Matters 379(9) Peter Kareiva Christopher Yuan-Farrell Casey O'Connor Retrospection and Review 388(7) J.A. Estes D.P. DeMaster R.L. Brownell, Jr. D. F. Doak T.M. Williams Index 395