<p><B>I. <EM>Ser</EM> and <EM>Estar</EM>; Present, Preterit, and Imperfect Tenses; Progressive Tenses; Present Subjunctive; Commands <BR>1 <EM>Ser</EM> and <EM>Estar</EM> and the Present Tense<BR><EM>Estar</EM> (to be) 3<BR><EM>Ser</EM> (to be) 8<BR>Reading Comprehension Machu Picchu 19 </B></P><p><B>2 <EM>Ser</EM> and <EM>Estar</EM> in the Preterit and Imperfect Tenses<BR>Preterit Tense 21<BR>Imperfect Tense 25<BR>Regular Verbs in the Preterit 29<BR>Irregular Verbs in the Preterit 31<BR>Regular Verbs in the Imperfect 33<BR>Irregular Verbs in the Imperfect 35<BR>Comparison of Preterit and Imperfect 35<BR>Reading Comprehension <EM>Marianela</EM> 38</B></P><p><B>3. The Present Progressive Tense<BR>Gerund Formation 41<BR>Formation of the Present Progressive Tense 45<BR>Use of the Present Progressive Tense 45<BR>Placement of Object Pronouns 48<BR>Uses of the Gerund with Verbs Other Than <EM>estar</EM> 52<BR>Reading Comprehension <EM>La parada del bus</EM> 56 </B></P><p><B>4 The Past Progressive Tenses<BR>The Imperfect Progressive Tense 58<BR>The Preterit Progressive Tense 61<BR>Reading Comprehension <EM>El hospital</EM> 67 </B></P><p><B>5 The Present Subjunctive<BR>Formation of the Present Subjunctive 70<BR>Uses of the Present Subjunctive 77<BR>Other Tenses That Cause the Present Subjunctive 91<BR>Reading Comprehension <EM>El juicio</EM> 94 </B></P><p><B>6 Commands<BR>Affirmative <EM>tú</EM> Commands 98<BR>Negative <EM>tú</EM> Commands 102<BR><EM>Ud.</EM> and<EM> Uds.</EM> Commands 107<BR>Other Ways of Asking People to Do Things 110<BR>Reading Comprehension <EM>Perdida en Nicaragua</EM> 113<BR>The nosotros Command: "Let us . . ." 115<BR>Affirmative <EM>vosotros</EM> Commands 118<BR>Negative <EM>vosotros</EM> Commands 118<BR>Reading Comprehension <EM>La Noche de Brujas</EM> 121</B></P><p><B>II. Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, Pronouns; Present and Past Perfect Tenses<BR>7 Nouns, Articles, Adjectives, and Pronouns<BR>Nouns and Articles 125<BR>Possessive Adjectives 130<BR>Possessive Pronouns 135<BR>Relative Pronouns 139<BR>Demonstrative Adjectives and Pronouns 144<BR>Reading Comprehension <EM>Mi viaje</EM> 146 <BR>The Neuter<EM> lo</EM> + Adjective Used as a Noun 147<BR>Adjectives Used as Nouns 149<BR>Pronouns Used as Nouns 150<BR>Pronunciation Practice <EM>Los maderos de San Juan</EM> 151<BR>Reading Comprehension<EM> Lo fatal</EM> 152 </B></P><p><B>8 The Present Perfect Tense<BR>Formation of the Past Participle 154<BR>Formation of the Present Perfect Tense 157<BR>Uses of the Present Perfect Tense 159<BR>Placement of Object Pronouns with the Present Perfect Tense 160<BR>Use of the Infinitive <EM>haber</EM> and the Past Participle 161<BR>Reading Comprehension <EM>El apartamento</EM> 165 </B></P><p><B>9 The Past Perfect Tense<BR>Formation of the Past Perfect Tense 167<BR>Uses of the Past Perfect Tense 167<BR>Reading Comprehension <EM>El sueño</EM> 170<BR>Reading Comprehension <EM>Recordando Nicaragua</EM> 171<BR>The Past Participle as an Adjective 172<BR>The Past Participle with <EM>ser</EM> and the Passive Voice 176<BR>Reading Comprehension <EM>El conde Lucanor</EM> 178 </B></P><p><B>III. Future and Conditional Tenses; Past Subjunctive; Idioms <BR>10 The Future Tense<BR>Formation of the Future Tense 181<BR>Uses of the Future Tense 188<BR>The Future Progressive Tense 195<BR>The Future Perfect Tense 196<BR>Reading Comprehension <EM>El porvenir</EM> 197 </B></P><p><B>11 The Conditional Tense<BR>Formation of the Conditional Tense 199<BR>Uses of the Conditional Tense 205<BR>The Conditional Progressive Tense 209<BR>The Conditional Perfect Tense 210<BR>Reading Comprehension <EM>¿Qué haría Ud. en las siguientes situaciones?</EM> 212 </B></P><p><B>12 The Present Perfect Subjunctive<BR>Formation of the Present Perfect Subjunctive 214<BR>Uses of the Present Perfect Subjunctive 214<BR>Reading Comprehension <EM>La isla en el Caribe</EM> 218 </B></P><p><B>13 The Imperfect Subjunctive <BR>Formation of the Imperfect Subjunctive 221<BR>Uses of the Imperfect Subjunctive 227<BR>Reading Comprehension <EM>El barco económico</EM> 234<BR>Reading Comprehension <EM>Xochicalco</EM> 243 </B></P><p><B>14 The Past Perfect Subjunctive<BR>Formation of the Past Perfect Subjunctive 245<BR>Uses of the Past Perfect Subjunctive 245<BR>Reading Comprehension <EM>Su punto de vista</EM> 257 </B></P><p><B>15 Idioms<BR>Idioms with Prepositions 260<BR>Idioms with Verbs 263<BR>Time Expressions 267<BR>Reading Comprehension <EM>La defensa de Sócrates</EM> 270</B></P><p><B>Appendix: List of Verbs 273<BR>Answer Key 280<BR>Index 292</P></B>