Injectable Biomaterials

<p>Contributor contact details</p> <p>Part I: Materials and properties</p> <p>Chapter 1: Designing clinically useful substitutes for the extracellular matrix</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>1.1 Introduction: the translational challenge</p> <p>1.2 Design criteria for extracellular matrix (ECM) mimetics</p> <p>1.3 Single-module semi-synthetic extracellular matrices (sECMs) based on hyaluronic acid (HA)</p> <p>1.4 Adding function to hyaluronic acid (HA) matrices</p> <p>1.5 Using injectable synthetic extracellular matrices (sECMs) in vivo</p> <p>1.6 Conclusions and future trends</p> <p>Chapter 2: Designing ceramics for injectable bone graft substitutes</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>2.1 Introduction</p> <p>2.2 Rheological properties of bone substitute pastes</p> <p>2.3 Handling and delivery</p> <p>2.4 Mechanical and biological properties of bone substitute pastes</p> <p>2.5 Industrial design</p> <p>2.6 Future trends</p> <p>Chapter 3: Rheological properties of injectable biomaterials</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>3.1 Introduction</p> <p>3.2 Different types of in situ gelling materials: chemical gels, solvent exchange, and physical gels</p> <p>3.3 Shrinkage, swelling, and evaporation</p> <p>3.4 Kinetics and injectability</p> <p>3.5 The role of statistics and uncertainty in rheological characterization</p> <p>3.6 Future trends</p> <p>3.7 Sources of further information and advice</p> <p>Chapter 4: Improving mechanical properties of injectable polymers and composites</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>4.1 Introduction</p> <p>4.2 Mechanical properties and testing</p> <p>4.3 Injectable hydrogels</p> <p>4.4 Non–hydrogel injectable polymers</p> <p>4.5 Conclusion and future trends</p> <p>Part II: Clinical applications</p> <p>Chapter 5: Drug delivery applications of injectable biomaterials</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>5.1 Introduction</p> <p>5.2 Solvent exchange precipitating materials</p> <p>5.3 Aqueous solubility change materials</p> <p>5.4 In situ crosslinking or polymerizing materials</p> <p>5.5 Microparticles and nanoparticles</p> <p>5.6 Micelles and liposomes</p> <p>5.7 Polymer-drug conjugates</p> <p>5.8 Conclusion and future trends</p> <p>Chapter 6: Tissue engineering applications of injectable biomaterials</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>6.1 Introduction</p> <p>6.2 Requirements of injectable materials for tissue engineering</p> <p>6.3 Injectable biomaterials: methods of gelation and tissue engineering applications</p> <p>6.4 Injectable composites and applications in tissue engineering</p> <p>6.5 Conclusion and future trends</p> <p>6.7 Glossary</p> <p>Chapter 7: Vascular applications of injectable biomaterials</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>7.1 Introduction</p> <p>7.2 Embolization therapy for vascular conditions</p> <p>7.3 Types of embolic materials</p> <p>7.4 Future trends</p> <p>Chapter 8: Orthopaedic applications of injectable biomaterials</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>8.1 Introduction</p> <p>8.2 Classification</p> <p>8.3 Clinical applications 1: fixation</p> <p>8.4 Clinical applications 2: bone healing</p> <p>8.5 Clinical applications 3: prevention and regeneration</p> <p>8.6 Clinical applications 4: miscellaneous</p> <p>8.7 Conclusion</p> <p>Chapter 9: Dental applications of injectable biomaterials</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>9.1 Introduction</p> <p>9.2 Challenges in the application of biomaterials to dentistry</p> <p>9.3 Directly placed tooth-colored materials</p> <p>9.4 Injectable materials in root canal therapy</p> <p>9.5 Injectable calcium phosphate cements</p> <p>9.6 Conclusion</p> <p>Chapter 10: Injectable polymeric carriers for gene delivery systems</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>10.1 Introduction</p> <p>10.2 Biological barriers</p> <p>10.3 Nanoparticles</p> <p>10.4 Microspheres</p> <p>10.5 Hydrogels</p> <p>10.6 Small interfering RNA (siRNA)</p> <p>10.7 Conclusion</p> <p>10.8 Acknowledgements</p> <p>Part III: Technologies and developments</p> <p>Chapter 11: Environmentally responsive injectable materials</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>11.1 Introduction</p> <p>11.2 Temperature-sensitive polymers</p> <p>11.3 Electrically sensitive polymers</p> <p>11.4 pH-sensitive polymers</p> <p>11.5 Light-sensitive polymers</p> <p>11.6 Biomolecular-sensitive polymers</p> <p>11.7 Other stimuli-sensitive polymers</p> <p>11.8 Conclusion and future trends</p> <p>Chapter 12: Injectable nanotechnology</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>12.1 Introduction</p> <p>12.2 Route of administration and biodistribution of injectable nano-carriers</p> <p>12.3 Diagnostic applications of injectable nano-carriers</p> <p>12.4 Therapeutic applications of injectable nano-carriers</p> <p>12.5 Injectable nanomaterials as matrix precursors</p> <p>12.6 Conclusions</p> <p>Chapter 13: Injectable biodegradable materials</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>13.1 Introduction</p> <p>13.2 Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) copolymers</p> <p>13.3 Poloxamer® and Pluronic® gels</p> <p>13.4 Polypeptides</p> <p>13.5 Other thermogelling polymers</p> <p>13.6 Conclusions and future trends</p> <p>13.7 Acknowledgements</p> <p>Chapter 14: Troubleshooting and hurdles to development of biomaterials</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>14.1 Introduction</p> <p>14.2 Material development hurdles</p> <p>14.3 Device development hurdles</p> <p>14.4 Funding challenges</p> <p>Chapter 15: Biocompatibility of injectable materials</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>15.1 Introduction</p> <p>15.2 Environmentally responsive biomaterials</p> <p>15.3 Self-assembling biomaterials</p> <p>15.4 Calcium phosphate bone cements</p> <p>15.5 In situ polymerizable and crosslinkable biomaterials</p> <p>15.6 Future trends</p> <p>15.7 Sources of further information and advice</p> <p>Chapter 16: Future applications of injectable biomaterials: the use of microgels as modular injectable scaffolds</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>16.1 Introduction</p> <p>16.2 Background</p> <p>16.3 Potential applications of microgels</p> <p>16.4 Conclusions</p> <p>16.5 Sources of further information and advice</p> <p>Index</p>