Biaxial Stretching of Film

<p>Contributor contact details</p> <p>Part I: Fundamental principles of biaxial stretching</p> <p>Chapter 1: Fundamentals of biaxial stretching and definitions of terms</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>1.1 Introduction</p> <p>1.3 Recommendations</p> <p>1.4 Conclusions</p> <p>Chapter 2: Equipment design and requirements of biaxially stretched films</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>2.1 Introduction</p> <p>2.2 Double bubble process for biaxial stretching of films</p> <p>2.3 Tenter process for production of biaxially oriented films</p> <p>2.4 Recommendations</p> <p>Chapter 3: Laboratory evaluations of biaxially stretched film</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>3.1 Introduction</p> <p>3.2 T.M. Long stretcher for laboratory evaluations</p> <p>3.3 Karo IV laboratory stretcher from Brückner</p> <p>3.4 Literature studies involving laboratory stretching equipment</p> <p>3.5 Recommendations</p> <p>Chapter 4: Polyolefins used in biaxial stretched films</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>4.1 Introduction</p> <p>4.2 Polypropylene</p> <p>4.3 Use of polyethylene in biaxial stretching</p> <p>4.4 Conclusions</p> <p>4.5 Recommendations</p> <p>Chapter 5: Other polymers used for biaxial films</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>5.1 Introduction</p> <p>5.2 Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)</p> <p>5.3 Polyamides in biaxially oriented films</p> <p>5.4 Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) in biaxially stretched films</p> <p>5.5 Recommendations</p> <p>Chapter 6: Biaxial film structures</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>6.1 Introduction</p> <p>6.2 Film structures based on homopolymer polypropylene</p> <p>6.3 Recommendations</p> <p>Chapter 7: Typical industrial processes for the biaxial orientation of films</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>7.1 Introduction</p> <p>7.2 Commercial production processes for biaxially oriented films</p> <p>7.3 Novel technologies currently being developed</p> <p>7.4 Recommendations</p> <p>Chapter 8: Post-production processing of biaxially oriented films</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>8.1 Introduction</p> <p>8.1 Surface treatment of films</p> <p>8.3 Conclusions</p> <p>8.4 Recommendations</p> <p>Chapter 9: Strain energy function and stress–strain model for uniaxial and biaxial orientation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>9.1 Introduction</p> <p>9.2 Experimental</p> <p>9.3 Stress–strain behavior of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)</p> <p>9.4 Modeling of the stress–strain behavior – literature review</p> <p>9.5 Development of a stress–strain model</p> <p>Chapter 10: Academic investigations of biaxially stretched films</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>10.1 Introduction</p> <p>10.2 Literature studies of common commodity polymers</p> <p>10.3 Biaxial studies of specialty polymers</p> <p>10.4 Recommendations</p> <p>Chapter 11: Biaxially stretched polyamide film</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>11.1 Introduction</p> <p>11.2 Processing of biaxially oriented polyamide (BOPA)</p> <p>11.3 BOPA film properties</p> <p>Part II: Applications of biaxial films</p> <p>Chapter 12: Fresh-cut produce packaging and the use of biaxial stretched films</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>12.1 Introduction</p> <p>12.2 Quality factors determining shelf-life</p> <p>12.3 Respiration and metabolism</p> <p>12.4 Package atmosphere modification</p> <p>12.5 Packaging methods and quality maintenance</p> <p>12.6 Future trends</p> <p>12.7Sources of further information and advice</p> <p>Chapter 13: Biaxial stretched films for use in snack packaging</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>13.1 Introduction</p> <p>13.2 Basic principles and methods for snack packaging</p> <p>13.3 Technologies and techniques</p> <p>13.4 Advantages and limitations</p> <p>13.5 Applications</p> <p>13.6 Future trends</p> <p>13.7 Sources of further information and advice</p> <p>Chapter 14: Biaxially stretched films for product labeling</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>14.1 Introduction</p> <p>14.2 Labeling systems and technologies</p> <p>14.3 Label applications</p> <p>14.4 Label preparation – label design, printing and converting</p> <p>14.5 Future trends and new developments in labeling and label films</p> <p>14.6 Conclusions</p> <p>Chapter 15: Applications of biaxial stretched films</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>15.1 Introduction</p> <p>15.2 Biaxial stretching of nanocomposite and multilayer films</p> <p>15.3 Conclusions</p> <p>15.4 Future trends</p> <p>Chapter 16: Future trends for biaxially oriented films and orienting lines</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>16.1 Introduction</p> <p>16.2 Trends for packaging film</p> <p>16.3 Trends for technical film</p> <p>16.4 Development environment for biaxially oriented film</p> <p>Index</p>