PART 1: THE ACADEMIC WRITER <br> <br> 1. Thinking as an Academic Writer <br>Explore Through Writing <br>Understand the Process of Writing <br>Understand the Rhetorical Situation <br>Analyze Your Assignment <br>Think About Your Genre <br>Think About Your Medium <br>Think About Your Topic <br>Think About What Your Readers Expect <br>Think About Your Credibility <br> <br> 2. Reading as an Academic Writer <br>Become a Critical Reader <br>Become a Critical Viewer <br>Annotate Academic Readings <br>Read Actively <br>Recognize Fallacies <br>Write a Summary <br>Write a Paraphrase <br>Move from Reading to Invention <br>Start an Annotated Bibliography <br>Synthesize Readings and Visuals <br> <br> 3. Planning <br>Move from a General Topic to a Writing Plan <br>Narrow Your Topic <br>Write a Thesis <br>Make a Plan <br> <br> 4. Drafting <br>Draft with Strategies in Mind <br>Write a Zero Draft <br>Draft From a Working Outline <br>Start Fast with an Engaging Title and Opening Paragraph <br>Develop Paragraphs <br>Conclude with Strength <br>Link Within and Across Paragraphs <br>Write an Essay Exam <br> <br> 5. Revising <br>Revising and Editing <br>Evaluate Your Draft <br>Respond to Others <br>Pay Attention to Details Last <br>Revise Using your Instructor’s Comments <br> <br> PART 2: THE PERSUASIVE WRITER <br> <br> 6. Reflections <br>Writing a Reflection <br>What Makes a Good Reflection? <br>Reflections About Visuals <br>Reading Reflections <br>Sue Kunitomi Embrey, Some Lines for a Younger Brother . . . <br>David Sedaris, Let it Snow <br>Alisa Valdes-Rodriguez, My Hips, My Caceras <br>Amy Tan, Mother Tongue <br>How to Write a Reflection <br> <blockquote> STUDENT EXAMPLE<br>Janine Carter, The Miracle Quilt </blockquote>Projects <br> <br> 7. Observations <br>Writing an Observation <br>What Makes a Good Observation? <br>Visual Observations <br>Reading Observations <br>Kellie Schmitt, The Old Man Isn’t There Anymore <br>Gwendolyn Oxenham, Pelada <br>John Muir, Interview with the Bear <br>Ansel Adams, Photographs of Japanese-Americans at Manzanar <br>National Park Service, Yellowstone’s Geothermal Resources <br> How to Write an Observation <br> <blockquote> STUDENT EXAMPLE (APA Style)<br>Sarah Cuellar, Playing in Traffic: How Parallel Play Helps Preschool Children "Merge" into Group Play </blockquote>Projects <br> <br> 8. Informative Essays and Visuals <br>Reporting Information <br>What Makes Good Informative Writing? <br>Informative Visuals <br>Reading Informative Writing <br> Katherine Mangan, Is Faster Always Better? <br> Kheehong Song and Allison Cui, Understanding China’s Middle Class <br> Shane D. Johnson, Aiden Sitebottom, and Adam Thorpe, Bicycle Theft <br> National Aeronautics and Space Administration, The Current and Future Consequences of Climate Change <br> US Department of Agriculture, MyPlate Brochure <br> John Mitchell, A map of the British and French dominions in North America, <br> 1755 <br>How to Write to Inform <br> <blockquote> STUDENT EXAMPLE <br>Lakshmi Kotra, The Life Cycle of Stars </blockquote>Projects <br> <br> 9. Rhetorical, Visual, and Literary Analyses <br>Writing an Analysis <br>Writing a Rhetorical Analysis <br>Writing a Visual Analysis <br>Writing a Literary Analysis <br>Reading Analyses <br>Tim Collins, Straight from the Heart <br>David T. Z. Mindich, The Collapse of Big Media: The Young and the Restless <br>Frank Gehry, The Ray and Maria Stata Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology <br> Kate Chopin, The Story of an Hour <br> Dagoberto Gilb, Love in LA <br>Student Literary Analysis: Quandre Brown, Fender-bender Romance in Dagoberto Gilb’s “Love in L.A.” <br>How to Write an Analysis <br> <blockquote> STUDENT EXAMPLE <br> Chris Gonzalez, Russell Lee’s Pie Town Photographs </blockquote>Writing Arguments <br> <br> 10. Causal Arguments <br>Writing a Causal Argument <br>What Makes a Good Causal Argument? <br>Visual Causal Arguments <br>Reading Causal Arguments <br>Laura Fraser, The French Paradox <br>Emily Raine, Why Should I Be Nice To You? Coffee Shops and the Politics of <br> Good Service <br>Kay S. Hymowitz, The New Girl Order <br>Tom Vanderbilt, Why I Became a Late Merger (and Why You Should Too) <br>How to Write a Causal Argument <br> <blockquote> STUDENT EXAMPLE <br>Armandi Tansel, Modern Warfare: Video Games’ Link to Real-World Violence </blockquote>Projects <br> <br> 11. Evaluation Arguments <br>Writing an Evaluation Argument <br>What Makes a Good Evaluation Argument? <br>Visual Evaluations <br>Reading Evaluations <br>Bill McKibben, The Only Way to Have a Cow <br>Rachel Laudan, In Praise of Fast Food <br>Katharine Mieszkowski, We Paved Paradise <br>How to Write an Evaluation <br> <blockquote> STUDENT EXAMPLE <br>Jenna Picchi, Organic Foods Should Come Clean </blockquote>Projects <br> <br> 12. Position Arguments <br>Writing a Position Argument <br>What Makes a Good Position Argument? <br>Visual Position Arguments <br>Reading Position Arguments <br>Ted Koppel, Take My Privacy, Please! <br>Frederick Douglass, What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July? <br> Michael Pollan, Eat Food, Food Defined <br>Jeff Speck, The Walkability Dividend <br> James Paul Gee, Games, Not Schools, Are Teaching Kids to Think <br> “Are You Pouring on the Pounds?”, Food Cops Bust Cookie Monster <br>How to Write a Position Argument <br> <blockquote> STUDENT EXAMPLE (MLA Style)<br>Patrice Conley, Flagrant Foul: The NCAA’s Definition of Student Athletes as Amateurs </blockquote>Projects <br> <br> 13. Proposal Arguments <br>Writing a Proposal Argument <br>What Makes a Good Proposal Argument? <br>Visual Proposals <br>Reading Proposal Arguments <br>Thomas Jefferson, The Declaration of Independence <br>Sunni Brown, The Doodle Revolutionary’s Manifesto <br>Glenn Loury, A Nation of Jailers <br>Peter W. Huber, Bound to Burn <br>Chris Packham and Mark Wright, Should Pandas Be Left to Face <br>Extinction? <br>San Francisco Bicycle Coalition, Connecting the City <br>How to Write a Proposal Argument <br> <blockquote> STUDENT EXAMPLE <br>Kim Lee, Let’s Make It a Real Melting Pot with Presidential Hopes for All </blockquote> <br> PART 3: THE MULTIMEDIA WRITER <br> <br> 14. Composing in Multimedia <br>Communicate With Visuals and words <br>Understanding the Process of Composing in Multimedia <br>Take Pictures That Aren’t Boring <br>Compose Images <br>Create Audience <br>Create Video <br>Create a Photo Essay <br> <br> 15. Designing for Print and Digital Readers <br>Start with Your Readers <br>Use Headings and Subheadings Effectively <br>Design Pages <br>Understand Typography <br>Evaluate Your Design <br> <br> 16. Delivering Presentations and Portfolios <br>Plan a Presentation <br>Design Effective Visuals <br>Deliver a Successful Presentation <br>Creating Portfolios <br> <br> 17. Writing for Online Courses <br>Keep Track of Online Coursework <br>Participate in Online Discussions <br>Manage Online Writing <br> <br>18. Working as a Team <br>Organize a Team <br>Brainstorm as a Team <br>Work as a Team <br> <br> PART 4: THE WRITER AS RESEARCHER <br> <br> 19. Planning Research <br>Analyze the Research Task <br>Ask a Question <br>Determine What You Need <br>Draft a Working Thesis <br> <br> 20. Finding Sources <br>Identify the Kinds of Sources That You Need <br>Search Using Keywords <br>Find Sources in Databases <br>Find Sources on the Web <br>Find Multimedia Sources <br>Find Print Sources <br>Create a Working Bibliography <br> <br> 21. Evaluating Sources <br>Determine the Relevance and Quality of Sources <br>Determine the Kind of Source <br>Determine If a Source Is Trustworthy <br> <br> 22. Exploring in the Field <br>Conduct Interviews <br>Administer Surveys <br>Make Observations <br> <br> 23. Writing the Research Project <br>Write a Draft <br>Avoid Plagiarism <br>Quote Sources Without Plagiarizing <br>Summarize and Paraphrase Sources Without Plagiarizing <br>Incorporate Quotations <br>Incorporate Visuals <br>Review Your Research Project <br> <br> 24. MLA Documentation <br>Elements of MLA Documentation <br>Entries in the Works-cited List <br>In-text Citations in MLA Style <br>Books in MLA-Style Works Cited <br>Sample Works-cited for Books <br>Periodicals in MLA-Style Works Cited <br>Sample Works-cited for Periodicals <br>Web Sources in MLA-Style Works Cited <br>Sample Works-cited for Online Sources <br>Other Sources in MLA-Style Works Cited <br>Visual Sources in MLA-Style Works Cited <br>Sample MLA Paper <br>George Abukar <br>It’s Time to Shut Down the Identity Theft Racket <br> <br> 25. APA Documentation <br>APA Citations <br>In-text Citations in APA Style <br>Books in APA-Style References List <br>Periodicals in APA-Style References List <br>Web Sources in APA-Style References List <br>Other Sources in APA-Style References List <br>Sample APA Paper <br>Blair Zacharias <br>Parking Design Recommendations for Publically Funded Commercial Redevelopment Projects <br> <br> PART 5: THE WRITER AS EDITOR <br> <br> 26. Writing Effective Sentences <br>Pay Attention to Verbs <br>Stay Active <br>Focus on People and Actors <br>Write Concise Sentences <br>Write Ethical Sentences <br>Match Structure with Ideas <br>Summary for Editing Sentences <br> <br> 27. Avoiding Errors <br>Fix Fragments <br>Fix Run-on Sentences <br>Fix Comma Splices <br>Make Verbs Agree with Subjects <br>Make Pronouns Agree <br>Fix Shifts <br>Use Modifiers Correctly <br>Place Modifiers Carefully <br>Summary for Editing for Errors <br> <br> 28. Understanding Punctuation and Conventions <br>Identify Where Commas Are Needed <br>Place Commas Correctly with Modifiers <br>Place Commas Correctly with Clauses and Phrases <br>Use Semicolons and Colons Correctly <br>Use Hyphens, Dashes, and Parentheses Correctly <br>Use Quotation Marks Correctly <br>Use Other Punctuation Correctly <br>Understand Print Conventions <br>Summary for Punctuation and Conventions <br> <br> 29. Writing in a Second Language <br>Understand the Demands of Writing in a Second Language <br>Understand Nouns in English <br>Understand Articles in English <br>Understand Verbs and Modifiers in English <br>Understand English Sentence Structure <br>Summary for Second-language Writers <br> <br>Index <br>