<p style="MARGIN: 0px">1. Why Social Workers Need Research? </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Research as a Source of Knowledge</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">What is Research?</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Distinctiveness of Scientific Research</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Development of theory</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Importance of diversity in theories</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Systematic and rigorous methods</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Empirical evidence</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Commitment to neutrality</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Obligation to an ethical code</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Consumer and Producer Roles</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Consumer Role</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Producer Role </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Using Critical Thinking Skills as Consumers and Producers</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Why Do Social Work Researchers Conduct Studies? </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Research Topics of Interest to Social Workers </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Book’s Perspective about the People Who are Studied</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Summary</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Discussion Questions</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">2. The Philosophies and Purposes of Research </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Inductive and Deductive Philosophies</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Inductive Research</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Deductive Research</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Assessment of Your Philosophical Tendencies</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Methodologies</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Quantitative Methods</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Qualitative Methods</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Mixed Methods</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Some Specialized Areas in Social Work Research</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Participatory Action Research</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Feminist Research</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Afrocentric Research</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Critical Thinking and Social Work Research</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Summary</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Discussion Questions</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">3. Research Ethics and Social Work's Mandates </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Ethical Problems in Research</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Physical harm</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Psychological harm</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Invasion of privacy</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Deception of participants</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Misrepresentation of findings</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Balancing risks and gains </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Ethical Safeguards of Research</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Confidentiality </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Informed Consent</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Monitoring the effects of a study and offering any needed assistance</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Involving research participants in decision-making</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Selecting researchers without a conflict of interest</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Mandates of Social Work</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Adhering to the values and ethics of social work</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Promoting a Commitment to Diversity </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Promoting Social and Economic Justice and Special Attention to At-Risk Populations</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Attending to Social Work Mandates throughout the Book</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Summary</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Discussion Questions</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">4. Understanding the Research Topic </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">What Issues Affect Problem Selection?</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Political Perspective</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Socio-Cultural Views</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Professional Discipline</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Specializations within social work</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Personal Life Experiences</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Employer Expectations, Funding Sources, and Other External Influences</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Research Topics and Social Work</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Producer Role and the Research Topic </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Consumer Role and the Research Topic </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Literature Review</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Tips on Completing Literature Searches</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Purposes in completing a literature review</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Strategies for Gathering Information</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Writing up a Literature Review</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Summary</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Discussion Questions</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">5. Defining and Measuring Concepts </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Concepts, Variables, Values, and Constants </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Constructing and Measuring Variables</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Understanding Measurement</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">How Knowledge is Generated</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Quantitative and Qualitative Measurements</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Numbers</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Words from Forced-Response Questions</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Word from Open-Ended Questions </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Levels of Measurement</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Validity and Reliability</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">How Is Validity Measured?</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">How Is Reliability Measured?</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Standardized Scales</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Diversity Issues</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Likert Scales</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Thurstone and Guttman Scales</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Goal Attainment Scales for Evaluating Social Work Practice</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Summary</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Discussion Questions</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">6. Focusing a Research Study </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Descriptive Studies</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Exploratory Studie</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Explanatory Studies </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Descriptive and Exploratory Studies Ask General Research Questions</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Explanatory Studies Test Hypotheses</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Constructing Hypotheses</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Types of Variables</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Three Conditions of Causal Relationships</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Practical Uses of Hypotheses</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Hypothesizing to Evaluate Social Work Practice</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Generating Hypotheses</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Focusing a Research Study and the Consumer Role </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Summary </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Discussion Questions</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">7. Designing the Study </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Review of Prior Steps</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Considering Secondary Research and Existing Data </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">What is the Intention of the Study?</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Descriptive research Designs</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Exploratory Research Designs</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Explanatory Research Designs</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Three Key Questions</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Illustration 1</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Illustration 2</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Designing a Study and the Consumer Role </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Summary </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Discussion Questions</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">8. Considering Sampling Techniques </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Important Sampling Concepts</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Selecting a Sample</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Probability and Non-Probability Sampling</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Types of Probability Sampling </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Types of Non-Probability Sampling</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Diversity, Social Justice Issues, and Samples </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Using Combinations of Sampling Approaches</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Sample Size</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Summary</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Discussion Questions</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">9. Constructing Surveys </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Using Interviews in Research</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Types of Interviews</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Varying Ways to Conduct Interviews</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Using Questionnaires in Research</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Types of Questionnaires</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Varying Ways to Administer Questionnaires</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Similarities Between Data Collection in Research and Social Work</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Importance of High Response Rates</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Validity and Reliability Issues</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Diversity and Social Justice</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Comparing Interviews and Questionnaires</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Interviews</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Questionnaires</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">How to Construct a Survey</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Constructing Qualitative Surveys</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Summary</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Discussion Questions</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">10. Constructing Observational Studies </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Conducting Structured Observations</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Conducting Unstructured Observations</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Participant Observation</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Non-Participatory Unstructured Observation</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Ethical Problems of Observing Covertly</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Incorporating Diversity and Social Justice</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Advantages of Observational Research</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Validity and Reliability Issues</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">How to Construct an Observational Data Collection Instrument </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Observing Social Artifacts and Other Non-Human Entities</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Examples of Observations in Social Work Settings </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Summary </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Discussion Questions</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">11. Exploring Causal Relationships: Quasi-Experimental, </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> Experimental and Single System Designs </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Relevance of Causal Relationships in Social Work Practice</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Claiming that the Intervention Makes a Difference </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Documenting the Impact of Social Work Interventions</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Group Designs for Exploring Causal Relationships</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Research Designs for Exploring Causal Relationships</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">One-Group Posttest-Only Design</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Pretest/Posttest Design</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Pretest/Posttest Design with a Comparison Group </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Time Series Design</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Pretest/Posttest Design with a Control Group</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Validity and Group Designs </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Using Single System Designs for Practice Evaluations</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Different Types of Single System Designs </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Implementing a Single System Design</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Options for Analyzing Progress for Single System Designs</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Summary </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Discussion Questions</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">12. Collecting the Data </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Differences between Quantitative and Qualitative Data Collection</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Training for Data Collection</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Preparation for Collecting Data</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Preparation for Quantitative Methods</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Preparation for Qualitative Methods</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Preparation for Leading Focus Groups</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Considering the Influence of the Personal Characteristics of the Researcher</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Collecting the Data and the Consumer Role</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Summary</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Discussion Questions</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">13. Quantitative Data Analysis </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Coding the Data</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Coding Questions that Directly Elicit a Numerical Response</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Coding Forced-response Questions </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Coding Forced-response Questions with Multiple Options</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">A Code Book</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Ethics and Data Analysis</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Descriptive Statistics for Data Analysis</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Frequency Distributions</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Measures of Central Tendencies</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Measures of Variability or Dispersion</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Bi-Variate Statistics for Data Analysis</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Significance, Statistical Significance, and Statistical Tests </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Measuring the Association Between Two Variables</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Chi-Square Test</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Correlation Test</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Comparing Two or More Groups</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">t-test</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">ANOVA Test</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Multivariate Statistics for Data Analysis</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Mixed Methods</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Working with a Data Set </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Analyzing Quantitative Data and the Consumer Role</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Summary</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Discussion Questions</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">14. Qualitative Data Analysis </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Qualitative Versus Quantitative Data Analysis</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Varied Types of Qualitative Data</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">How is Qualitative Data Analyzed?</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Strategy 1: Case Studies </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Strategy 2: Summarizing Responses for Open-Ended Questions</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">How to Summarize Responses for Open-Ended Questions </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Strategy 3: Theme Analysis</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">How to Conduct a Theme Analysis</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Data Collection Approaches and the Three Strategies</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Other Types of Qualitative Data Analysis</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Content Analysis</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Ethnographic Analysis</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Observational Analysis of Social Situations</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Validating Data</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Mixed Methods</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Analyzing Qualitative Data and the Consumer Role</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Summary </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Discussion Questions</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">15. Preparing a Report </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Task A. Highlighting Background Material on the Study</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Task B: Focusing the Findings</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Organization of Findings</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Accuracy and Clarity</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Use of Graphics</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Task C. Developing Recommendations</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Task D: Writing or Presenting the Report</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Considering Potential Readers of the Report</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Contents of a Traditional Research Report</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Reporting on Qualitative Studies</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Reporting on the Research and the Consumer Role</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Summary </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Discussion Questions</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">16. Program and Practice Evaluation</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Accountability to Stakeholders</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">A Political Process</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Defining Evaluation </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Purposes of Evaluations</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Steps in Conducting an Evaluation</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Planning, Implementation, and Outcome Stages</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Logic Model</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Evaluations during the Planning Stage</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">A Needs Assessment</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Other Evaluation Strategies When Planning</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Evaluations during the Implementation Stage</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Is the Intervention Implemented as Intended?</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Is the Quality of the Intervention High?</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">How Accessible is the Intervention to All Client Groups?</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">How Satisfied are the Clients with the Intervention?</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Evaluations during the Outcome Stage</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Group Designs</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Cost/Benefit Analysis Studies</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Outcomes in Practice Evaluations</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Summary</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Discussion Questions</p>