West, The

<p><strong>Found in this section:</strong></p> <p>1. Brief Table of Contents</p> <p>2. Full Table of Contents</p> <p> <br></p> <p><strong>1. BRIEF TABLE OF CONTENTS</strong></p> <p><strong>Introduction</strong></p> <p><strong>Part I Departure Prehistory to 1000 B.C.E.</strong></p> <p>Chapter 1 The Birth of Civilization</p> <p>Chapter 2 The Rise of Empires and the Beginning of the Iron Age</p> <p><strong>Part II The Classical Era 2000 B.C.E. to 30 C.E.</strong></p> <p>Chapter 3 Aegean Civilizations</p> <p>Chapter 4 The Hellenic Era</p> <p>Chapter 5 The Hellenistic Era and the Rise of Rome</p> <p>Chapter 6 Rome’s Empire and the Unification of the Western World</p> <p><strong>Part III The Division of the West 300 to 1300</strong></p> <p>Chapter 7 The West’s Medieval Civilizations</p> <p>Chapter 8 The Emergence of Europe</p> <p>Chapter 9 Europe Turns Outward</p> <p>Chapter 10 Europe’s High Middle Ages</p> <p><strong>Part IV Challenges, Conflicts, and Departures 1300 to 1700</strong></p> <p>Chapter 11 Challenges to the Medieval Order</p> <p>Chapter 12 Renaissance and Exploration</p> <p>Chapter 13 Reformation, Religious Wars, and National Conflicts</p> <p><strong>Part V The Revolutionary Impulse</strong></p> <p>Chapter 14 The Early Modern State</p> <p>Chapter 15 New World Views: Europe’s Scientific Revolution</p> <p>Chapter 16 The Age of Enlightenment: Rationalism and its Uses</p> <p>Chapter 17 Rebellion and Revolution: American Independence and the French Revolution</p> <p><strong>Part VI Europe Triumphant 1815 to 1914</strong></p> <p>Chapter 18 Industry, Society, and Environment</p> <p>Chapter 19 The Age of Ideology in Western Europe</p> <p>Chapter 20 The Consolidation of Nation States</p> <p>Chapter 21 Global Empire and European Culture</p> <p><strong>Part VII Europe in Crisis 1914 to 1945</strong></p> <p>Chapter 22 World War I: The End of Enlightenment</p> <p>Chapter 23 The Troubled Interwar Years</p> <p>Chapter 24 World War II: Europe in Eclipse</p> <p><strong>Part VIII The Postwar Western Community 1945 to 2008</strong></p> <p>Chapter 25 Decolonization and the Cold War</p> <p>Chapter 26 Western Civilization and the Global Community</p> <p><strong> <br> </strong></p> <p><strong>2. FULL TABLE OF CONTENTS </strong></p> <p><strong>Introduction</strong></p> <p><strong>Part I — Departure Prehistory to 1000 B.C.E.</strong></p> <p><strong>Chapter 1: The Birth of Civilization</strong></p> <p>Key Question: How do environments shape human communities and human communities alter environments?</p> <p> The Evolution of the Prehistoric Cultures</p> <p> The Archaic States</p> <p> The Origin of Civilization in Mesopotamia: Sumer</p> <p> The Rise of Civilization in Egypt</p> <p><strong>Chapter 2: The Rise of Empires and the Beginning of the Iron Age</strong></p> <p>Key Question: Does civilization promote or intensify divisions among peoples?</p> <p> The Transition States</p> <p> Imperial Egypt: The New Kingdom</p> <p> The Indo-Europeans and the Clash of Empires</p> <p> The Bible and History</p> <p><strong>Part II — The Classical Era 2000 B.C.E. to 30 C.E.</strong></p> <p><strong>Chapter 3: Aegean Civilizations</strong></p> <p>Key Question: When does civilization in the West become “Western” civilization?</p> <p> Minoan Mentors</p> <p> The Mycenaeans, Greece’s First Civilization</p> <p> The Aegean Dark Age</p> <p> The Hellenic Era</p> <p> The Rise of the Mainland Powers</p> <p> The Persian Wars: Crucible of a Civilization</p> <p><strong>Chapter 4: The Hellenic Era</strong></p> <p>Key Question: What did the Greeks contribute to the development of modern civilization?</p> <p> Persian Wars as Catalyst</p> <p> The Peloponnesian War</p> <p> Intellectual and Artistic Life in the Polis</p> <p><strong>Chapter 5: The Hellenistic Era and the Rise of Rome</strong></p> <p>Key Question: What circumstances are likely to undermine governments by the people?</p> <p> The Hellenistic Era</p> <p> The Origin of Rome</p> <p> The Roman Republic</p> <p> Rome’s Civil War</p> <p><strong>Chapter 6: Rome ’s Empire and the Unification of the Western World</strong></p> <p>Key Question: Do people prefer order to liberty?</p> <p> The Augustan Era</p> <p> Order and Continuity: The Dynastic Option</p> <p> Order and Continuity: The Elective Option</p> <p> Life in an Imperial Environment</p> <p> The Decline of Rome</p> <p><strong>Part III — The Division of the West 300 to 1300</strong></p> <p><strong>Chapter 7: The West’s Medieval Civilizations</strong></p> <p>Key Question: Should freedom of religion be limited?</p> <p> The Christian Element</p> <p> The German Element</p> <p> The Byzantine Empire of Constantinople</p> <p> Islam</p> <p><strong>Chapter 8: The Emergence of Europe </strong></p> <p>Key Question: How did Europe build on its legacies from the ancient world?</p> <p> The Merovingian Kingdom: Europe’s Nucleus</p> <p> The Franks’ Neighbors</p> <p> The Carolingian Era</p> <p> Retrenchment and Reorganization</p> <p> The Culture of Europe’s Dark Age</p> <p><strong>Chapter 9: Europe Turns Outward</strong></p> <p>Key Question: Was conflict among the medieval civilizations inevitable?</p> <p> Islam’s Crest and Byzantium’s Resurgence</p> <p> The Reorganization of Feudal Europe</p> <p> The Eleventh-Century Turning Point</p> <p><strong>Chapter 10</strong>: <strong>Europe ’s High Middle Ages</strong></p> <p>Key Question: Why are some societies more open to change than others?</p> <p> The Renaissance of the Twelfth Century</p> <p> Universities and Scholasticism</p> <p> Religious Revival and Diversity of Opinion</p> <p> The Artistic Vision of the High Middle Ages</p> <p> Government in the High Middle Ages</p> <p><strong>Part IV — Challenges, Conflicts, and Departures 1300 to 1700</strong></p> <p><strong>Chapter 11: Challenges to the Medieval Order</strong></p> <p>Key Question: What did the crises of the late medieval era reveal about the strengths and weaknesses of Europe’s civilization?</p> <p> Challenges from Nature</p> <p> Turmoil in the Middle East</p> <p> Spiritual Crises</p> <p> Political Responses: The Burdens of War</p> <p><strong>Chapter 12: Renaissance and Exploration</strong></p> <p>Key Question: How should a society use its history?</p> <p> The Context for the Renaissance</p> <p> The Culture of the Renaissance</p> <p> The Northern Renaissance</p> <p> The Middle East: The Ottoman Empire</p> <p> Europe and Atlantic Exploration</p> <p><strong>Chapter 13: Reformation, Religious Wars, and National Conflicts</strong></p> <p>Key Question: How do civilized societies justify war?</p> <p> The Lutheran Reformation</p> <p> The Swiss Reformation</p> <p> The Catholic Reformation</p> <p> The Habsburg-Valois Wars</p> <p> England’s Ambivalent Reformation</p> <p> Convergence of Foreign and Domestic Politics: England, Spain, and France</p> <p> The Final Religious Upheaval</p> <p><strong>Part V The Revolutionary Impulse</strong></p> <p><strong>Chapter 14: The Early Modern State</strong></p> <p>Key Question: How do political systems reflect the structure of social and economic life?</p> <p> Society in Early Modern Europe</p> <p> Forging Centralized States</p> <p> Absolutism in France</p> <p> Constitutionalism in England</p> <p> Wars of Empire and Global Markets</p> <p> Central and Eastern Europe</p> <p> Europe’s Declining Powers</p> <p><strong>Chapter 15: New World Views: Europe’s Scientific Revolution</strong></p> <p>Key Question: How does the study of the natural world influence religious belief and the understanding of truth?</p> <p> The Medieval World View</p> <p> Anticipating the New Science</p> <p> New Directions in Astronomy and Physics</p> <p> New Approaches to Truth</p> <p> Theory and Application</p> <p> Politics as Science</p> <p> Science as Religion</p> <p> Superstition and Its Victims</p> <p><strong>Chapter 16: The Age of Enlightenment: Rationalism and its Uses</strong></p> <p>Key Question: How do people construct ideas of progress?</p> <p> Critiquing the Traditional Way of Life</p> <p> Formulas for Improving Material Conditions</p> <p> Enlightened Despots</p> <p> Critiquing the Enlightenment</p> <p> The Arts in the Age of Reason</p> <p><strong>Chapter 17: Rebellion and Revolution: American Independence and the French Revolution</strong></p> <p>Key Question: Can political change occur without social and economic upheaval?</p> <p> America Rejects Europe</p> <p> Revolution in France</p> <p> Napoleon Bonaparte and the Export of Revolution, 1799–1815</p> <p> The French Revolution and the Americas</p> <p><strong>Part VI Europe Triumphant 1815 to 1914</strong></p> <p><strong>Chapter 18: Industry, Society, and Environment</strong></p> <p>Key Question: How do technology and urbanization influences the relationship between humans and nature?</p> <p> From Rural to Urban Lifestyles in Europe</p> <p> Agriculture, Demographics, and Labor</p> <p> Innovations in Production</p> <p> The Social Consequences of Industrialization</p> <p> Industry, the State, and Global Power</p> <p><strong>Chapter 19: The Age of Ideology in Western Europe</strong></p> <p>Key Question: What leads people to challenge conventional ideas and practices?</p> <p> The Congress System and the Conservative Agenda</p> <p> Ideological Ferment</p> <p> The Revolutions of 1848</p> <p> Britain and Reform</p> <p> The Romantic Movement</p> <p> Utilitarianism and Utopian Socialism</p> <p> The Marxist Challenge</p> <p><strong>Chapter 20: The Consolidation of Nation States</strong></p> <p>Key Question: Is nationalism a constructive force in the modern age?</p> <p> Italian Unification</p> <p> The Creation of Modern Germany</p> <p> Constitutional Change in France and Britain</p> <p> The Waning of the Habsburg, Russian, and Ottoman Empires</p> <p> The United States and Western Europe</p> <p> Nationalism and Race</p> <p><strong>Chapter 21: Global Empire and European Culture</strong></p> <p>Key Question: How does the projection of power reflect wider cultural values?</p> <p> The New Imperialism: Motives and Methods</p> <p> The Scramble for Empire: Africa</p> <p> The Scramble for Empire: South and East Asia</p> <p> The Legacy of Empire</p> <p> Imperialism, Intellectual Controversy, and European Culture</p> <p> Transformation in the Arts</p> <p><strong>Part VII Europe in Crisis 1914 to 1945</strong></p> <p><strong>Chapter 22: World War I: The End of Enlightenment</strong></p> <p>Key Question: Are nation states inherently adversarial?</p> <p> The Alliance System</p> <p> The Experience of Modern Warfare</p> <p> The Eastern Front and Europe’s Empire</p> <p> Naval War and American Entry</p> <p> The Impact of Total War at Home</p> <p> Bolshevik Revolution in Russia</p> <p> Peace Settlement and European Consciousness</p> <p><strong>Chapter 23: The Troubled Interwar Years</strong></p> <p>Key Question: Can personal liberty be maintained under conditions of material hardship?</p> <p> Postwar Problems in Western Europe</p> <p> The Price of Victory</p> <p> The Great Depression, 1929–1939</p> <p> Coping with the Depression</p> <p> Italy: The First Fascist State</p> <p> Authoritarian Regimes in Spain and Eastern Europe</p> <p> The Emergence of Nazi Germany</p> <p> Imperial Japan</p> <p> The Soviet Union under Stalin</p> <p><strong>Chapter 24: World War II: Europe in Eclipse</strong></p> <p>Key Question: Can the force of ideas sustain a civilization under attack?</p> <p> The Process of Appeasement, 1933–1939</p> <p> Nazism Triumphant, 1939–1941: Europe and North Africa</p> <p> The German Empire</p> <p> The Destruction of the Jews</p> <p> The Home Front and the Role of Women</p> <p> War in Asia and the Pacific</p> <p> The Tide Turns, 1942–1945</p> <p> Planning for the Postwar World</p> <p><strong>Part VIII The Postwar Western Community 1945 to 2008</strong></p> <p><strong>Chapter 25: Decolonization and the Cold War</strong></p> <p>Key Question: How does ideology shape public policy?</p> <p> The Eclipse of Postwar Optimism</p> <p> The End of European Empire</p> <p> Expanding the Cold War</p> <p> The Cold War and Nuclear Threat</p> <p> Cuban Missile Crisis</p> <p> Divisions and Detente</p> <p><strong>Chapter 26: Western Civilization and the Global Community</strong></p> <p>Key Question: Has the West defined the process of globalization?</p> <p> The End of Communism</p> <p> United Europe?</p> <p> Science, Technology and the Envirnoment</p> <p> Women and the Struggle for Equality</p> <p> Religious Divides and Ethnic Nationalism</p> <p> The Postindustrial West</p>