Introduction E. I. Kouri and Jens E. Olesen; Part I: 1. The disintegration of the medieval church Martin Schwartz Lausten; 2. Social, political and religious tensions Lars Olof Larsson; 3. The Reformation in Denmark, Norway and Iceland Ole Peter Grell; 4. The Reformation in Sweden and Finland E. I. Kouri; 5. Intellectual currents Ole Peter Grell; 6. The crown and the aristocracy in cooperation in Denmark Heikki Ylikangas; Part II: 7. Growth and stagnation of population and settlement Eljas Orrman; 8. Economic growth and trade Knud J. V. Jespersen; 9. Social consequences Knud J. V. Jespersen; Part III: 10. The internationalisation of the Baltic market Åke Sandström; 11. The Dutch and the English in the Baltic, the North Sea, and the Arctic Ole Peter Grell; 12. The struggle for supremacy in the Baltic between Denmark-Norway and Sweden, 1563–1721 Jens E. Olesen; 13. Militarisation of Scandinavia, 1520–1870 Gunner Lind; 14. Colonial empires Erik Gøbel; 15. The military imperative Leon Jespersen; 16. Fiscal and military developments Leon Jespersen; 17. From aristocratic regime to absolutism, 1660–82 Leon Jespersen; 18. The consolidation of the Nordic states: the Europeanisation of Scandinavia Leon Jespersen; 19. Centre and periphery Oystein Rian; 20. Religious and social regimentation Ole Peter Grell; Part IV: 21. Demography and family, c.1650–1815 Solvi Sogner; 22. Economy and social conditions Dan H. Andersen and Jens Chr. V. Johansen; 23. Material and popular culture Jens Chr. V. Johansen; 24. The situation of the commoners, 1650–1750 Harald Gustafsson; 25. Religious and intellectual currents Seppo Salminen; 26. Cultural Europeanisation, court culture and aristocratic taste, c.1580–1750 Jorgen Hein; 27. Architecture, literature and the arts Allan Ellenius; 28. Music at the Danish and Swedish courts in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries John Bergsagel; 29. Music in Scandinavia in the eighteenth century John Bergsagel; Part V: 30. Constitution and politics Panu Pulma; 31. Denmark in the Napoleonic Wars, 1807–14 Ole Feldbaek; Part VI: 32. The new economic order - Scandinavia between the Congress of Vienna and the Paris Commune Torkel Jansson; 33. The demographic transition during the period 1815–70: mortality decline and population growth Solvi Sogner; 34. Agricultural development in Scandinavia, c.1800–50 Matti Peltonen; 35. Industrial expansion Markku Kuisma; Part VII: 36. New social categories in town and country Lars-Arne Norborg; 37. Social reactions at different levels Torkel Jansson; 38. The beginning of the Great Emigration Lennart Limberg; 39. Everyday life Jan Eivind Myhre; 40. The education of new groups in society Lars Pettersson; 41. Arts, architecture and literature Goran Lindahl; 42. Literature Sigurd Aarnes; Part VIII: 43. The constitutional situation Torkel Jansson; 44. The idea of Scandinavianism Henrik Becker-Christensen; 45. The Nordic nation states: the building of the Finnish nation Hannes Saarinen; 46. When Denmark became a nation state Vagn Skovgaard-Petersen; 47. The Nordic nation states Silvert Langholm; 48. Sweden Lars Petersen; 49. Iceland, 1800–74: the emergence of the nation state Anna Agnarsdottir; Part IX: 50. From the Reformation of states and churches to the formation of nations and civic societies, 1520–1870 E. I. Kouri and Jens E. Olesen; Conclusion E. I. Kouri and Jens E. Olesen; Select bibliography; Index.