The Emergence of Jewish Ghettos during the Holocaust

Introduction; 1. Historiography and popular understandings; 2. 'Ghetto': the source of the term and the phenomenon in the early modern era; 3. 'Ghetto' and 'ghettoization' as cultural concepts in the modern age; 4. The Nazis' anti-Jewish policy in the 1930s and the question of Jewish residential districts; 5. First references to the term 'ghetto' in the discourse of the makers of anti-Jewish policies in the Third Reich (1933–8); 6. The semantic turning point in the meaning of 'ghetto': Peter-Heinz Seraphim and Das Judentum in osteuropäischen Raum (1938); 7. The invasion of Poland and the emergence of the 'classic' ghettos; 8. Methodological interlude: the term 'ghettoization' and its use during the Holocaust itself and later scholarship; 9. Would the idea spread to other places? Amsterdam 1941, the only attempt to establish a ghetto west of Poland; 10. Ghettos during the final solution, 1941–3: the territories occupied in Operation Barbarossa; 11. Ghettos during the final solution outside the occupied Soviet Union: Poland, Theresienstadt, Amsterdam, Transnistria, Salonika and Hungary; Summary and conclusion.