Religion in Modern Times: An Interpretive Anthology

Acknowledgements.
<p>Introduction to the Volume.</p>
<p>Part I: Varieties:.</p>
<p>Introduction.</p>
<p>Mapping Cultures:.</p>
<p>Introduction.</p>
<p>1. Taylor′s ′Moral Sources′.</p>
<p>2. Tipton′s Four–Fold Analytical Scheme.</p>
<p>3. Durkheim: Humanity.</p>
<p>4. Voll: ′Styles of Action′ In Islam.</p>
<p>Religions of Difference:.</p>
<p>Introduction.</p>
<p>Religions of Difference: Overviews:.</p>
<p>5. Bellah′s Characterization of Religions of Difference.</p>
<p>Religions of Difference: Themes:.</p>
<p>Theme (I): Divine–Human Difference:.</p>
<p>6. Otto: ′The Idea of The Holy′.</p>
<p>7. Chesterton Commends Metaphysical Difference.</p>
<p>8. Mcguire on Dualism In The Roman Catholic Church.</p>
<p>Theme (II): Communities of Difference:.</p>
<p>9. Troeltsch′s Distinction Between Church and Sect.</p>
<p>10. The Doctrine of Papal Infallibility, 1870.</p>
<p>11. Heilman: The Authority of Tradition In Ultra–Orthodox Jewry.</p>
<p>Theme (III): Authoritative Text:.</p>
<p>12. Heilman: The Authority of Text In Ultra–Orthodox Jewry.</p>
<p>13. Antoun: Muslim Fundamentalism Rejects Tradition In Favour of Text.</p>
<p>14. Toumey on Science, Creationism and The Bible.</p>
<p>Theme (IV): Sin, Evil and Redemption:.</p>
<p>15. Barth on The Wrath of God.</p>
<p>16. Hal Lindsey: Escaping This Evil Age.</p>
<p>Religions of Difference: Explanations:.</p>
<p>Explanation (I): Reaction to Modernity:.</p>
<p>17. Hallencreutz and Westerlund: Fundamentalism As A Revolt Against The Modern Age.</p>
<p>18. Voll Explains Islamic Fundamentalism As A Reaction to The Failure of The West.</p>
<p>Explanation (II): Refuge From Pluralism, Atomization Or Anomie:.</p>
<p>19. Ammerman Explains Fundamentalism As A Refuge From Change and Chaos.</p>
<p>20. Hegland Challenges The Anomie Thesis.</p>
<p>Explanation (III): Provision of Social, Moral, Cultural, and Transcendent Capital:.</p>
<p>21. Greeley on Social Capital.</p>
<p>22. Ammerman on Moral and Spiritual Capital.</p>
<p>23. Hefner on Transcendent Capital and The Potency of Difference.</p>
<p>Explanation (IV): Sustaining Plausibility:.</p>
<p>24. Berger: ′Plausibility Structures′.</p>
<p>Explanation (V): Dependence and Equality:.</p>
<p>25. Warner on ′The Culture of Public Humbling′.</p>
<p>Religions of Difference: Prospects:.</p>
<p>26. Roof and Mckinney: The Growth of Heightened Difference.</p>
<p>27. Hunter on The Inevitable Liberalisation of Religions of Difference.</p>
<p>28. Martin: The Difficulty of Sustaining Heightened Difference.</p>
<p>29. Troeltsch on The Necessary Transformation of Religions of Difference.</p>
<p>30. Voll: Religions of Difference Wax and Wane.</p>
<p>Religions of Humanity:.</p>
<p>Introduction.</p>
<p>Religions of Humanity: Overviews:.</p>
<p>31. Ahlstrom Introduces Christian Liberalism.</p>
<p>32. Kopf on ′Rational Faith′ Religion In India.</p>
<p>33. Ammerman on ′Golden Rule′ Christianity.</p>
<p>Religions of Humanity: Themes:.</p>
<p>Theme (I): Demythologization:.</p>
<p>34. Gay and Early Rationalist Criticisms of ′Tradition′.</p>
<p>35. Bultmann on Demythologization.</p>
<p>36. Woodhead: Demythologization on The Basis of ′Experience′.</p>
<p>37. Berger on Subjectivization.</p>
<p>Theme (II): Humanity and Human Freedom:.</p>
<p>38. Passmore: ′The Perfectibility of Man′.</p>
<p>39. The Dalai Lama: ′Human Nature Is Basically Good′.</p>
<p>40. Radford Ruether: ′The Promotion of The Full Humanity of Women′.</p>
<p>Theme (III): Ethicization and Politicization of Religion:.</p>
<p>41. Rammohun Roy: An Ethical Religion to Unite Mankind.</p>
<p>42. Esack: Islamic Liberation Theology.</p>
<p>Theme (IV): Optimism:.</p>
<p>43. Young on Evolutionary Optimism.</p>
<p>44. Nehru′s Religion of Progress.</p>
<p>Religions of Humanity: Explanations:.</p>
<p>Explanation (I): Capitulation Or Accommodation to Secular Culture:.</p>
<p>45. Berger: ′An Immense Bargaining Process With Secular Thought′.</p>
<p>Explanation (II): The Cultural Logic of Protestanism:.</p>
<p>46. Troeltsch: Luther As The Founder of Religious Subjectivism.</p>
<p>Explanation (III): Detraditionalization and The Flight From Authority:.</p>
<p>47. Mcleod: Freemasonary and Social Change.</p>
<p>Explanation (IV): Clerical Protest:.</p>
<p>48. Hofstadter: Christian Liberalism As Social Protest By Clergy.</p>
<p>Explanation (V): The Quest For Human Unity:.</p>
<p>49. Seager: Religions of Humanity As A Response to Colonial Difference.</p>
<p>Religions of Humanity: Prospects:.</p>
<p>50. Roof and Mckinney: Declining Numbers, Steady Influence.</p>
<p>51. Bruce: Liberalism Cannot Sustain Itself.</p>
<p>52. Roof: Evolution of Liberalism.</p>
<p>53. Gaustad: Religions of Humanity Undermined By The Collapse of Modernist Assumptions.</p>
<p>54. Gee: Can Religions of Humanity Adapt to Marginalization and Pluralization?.</p>
<p>55. Larson and The Continuing Influence of The Liberal Ideal In India.</p>
<p>Spiritualities of Life:.</p>
<p>Introduction.</p>
<p>Spiritualities of Life: Overviews:.</p>
<p>56. Bloom′s Portrayal.</p>
<p>57. Heelas′s Portrayal.</p>
<p>58. Anon: ′Love Yourself′.</p>
<p>59. Troeltsch: Inner Spirituality In Historical Context.</p>
<p>Spiritualities of Life: Themes:.</p>
<p>Theme (I): Immanence:.</p>
<p>60. Wordsworth and Nature.</p>
<p>61. Farmer and The Self.</p>
<p>62. Harding and ′The Ultimate In Self–Reliance′.</p>
<p>Theme (II): Eastern:.</p>
<p>63. Radhakrishnan: ′Atmanam Viddhi′.</p>
<p>64. Sai Baba: ′Bliss′.</p>
<p>65. Burbank′s Testimony.</p>
<p>66. Herrigel: Inner Archery.</p>
<p>Theme (III): Women, Essentialism and Anti–Essentialism:.</p>
<p>67. Christ: Essential Differences.</p>
<p>68. Maeda on Spirituality After Deconstruction.</p>
<p>Theme (IV) Technology:.</p>
<p>69. Rushkoff and ′Technoshamanism′.</p>
<p>70. Taylor and ′Terminal Faith′.</p>
<p>Spiritualities of Life: Explanations:.</p>
<p>Explanation (I): Failures of The Mainstream and The Turn to The Self:.</p>
<p>71. Berger, Berger and Kellner and The Self As The Source of Significance.</p>
<p>72. Tipton on Addressing Cultural Conflict.</p>
<p>Explanation (II): The Expectancies of The Self.</p>
<p>73. Taylor and ′The Massive Subjective Turn of Modern Culture′.</p>
<p>74. Shils and The ′Uncontaminated Self′.</p>
<p>75. Roof and Gesch: Baby–Boomers and Nuturing The Self.</p>
<p>Spiritualities of Life: Prospects:.</p>
<p>76. Bruce: Insignificance.</p>
<p>77. Luckmann: Significance.</p>
<p>78. Inglehart and Postmaterialist Values.</p>
<p>79. Heelas: Exploring Prospects.</p>
<p>80. Cupitt: Self Spirituality Without A Self?.</p>
<p>Combinations:.</p>
<p>Introduction.</p>
<p>Experiential Religions of Difference (Evangelical–Charismatic):.</p>
<p>81. Bebbington: Scripture and Experience As The Twin Authorities of Evangelicalism.</p>
<p>82. Tipton: Order and Ecstasy In Counter–Cultural Christianity.</p>
<p>83. Griffith: Therapeutic Evangelicalism.</p>
<p>84. Martin on The Charismatic Upsurge.</p>
<p>Experiential Religions of Humanity:.</p>
<p>85. Tagore′s Experiential ′Religion of Man′.</p>
<p>86. Robinson: God As ′The Inter–Personal′.</p>
<p>87. Woodhead: Princess Diana′s Tender–Hearted Humanitarianism.</p>
<p>88. Religious Synthesis In A Course In Miracles.</p>
<p>Conflicts, Explicit and Implicit:.</p>
<p>89. Wuthnow on The ′Great Fracture′ In American Religion.</p>
<p>90. Chesterton Defines Christian Orthodoxy Over Against Theosophy.</p>
<p>91. Runcie on The Contradictions of Prince Charles′s Religion.</p>
<p>92. Berlin on Ultimate and Unresolvable Value Clash.</p>
<p>Part II: Contexts:.</p>
<p>Introduction.</p>
<p>Economic:.</p>
<p>Introduction.</p>
<p>Economic: Overviews:.</p>
<p>93. Weber on The Importance of The Economic In Religion.</p>
<p>94. Weber on ′Economic Ethics′.</p>
<p>95. Jomo Summarizing ′Islamic Economic Alternatives′.</p>
<p>96. Raban: Thatcher′s Capitalism.</p>
<p>97. Tawney and The Religious Critique of The Economic.</p>
<p>Economic: Examples:.</p>
<p>Example (I): Work Ethics:.</p>
<p>98. Giddens Summarizing Weber′s ′Protestant Ethic′ Thesis.</p>
<p>99. Estruch and A Catholic Work Ethic Today.</p>
<p>100. Bellah and Japan.</p>
<p>Example (II): Magical Empowerment:.</p>
<p>101. Schneider and Dornbusch: Prosperity Religion Today.</p>
<p>102. Peale′s ′Energy′.</p>
<p>103. Ray: ′Let The Divine Plan of Your Life Manifest Itself′.</p>
<p>104. Sivananda: Prosperity In India.</p>
<p>Example (III): Responses to Deprivation:.</p>
<p>105. Marx and Engels In Critical Mood.</p>
<p>106. Bruce and The Appeal of Prosperity Christianity.</p>
<p>107. Lewis: Spirit Possession As A ′War Between The Sexes′.</p>
<p>109. Lienhardt and Cargo Cults.</p>
<p>110. Levine and ′Masterless Men′.</p>
<p>111. Berger Portraying ′"Schools" For Social Mobility′.</p>
<p>Economic: Prospects:.</p>
<p>112. Bell and The Fate of The Protestant Work Ethic.</p>
<p>113. Hunter: Evangelicals and The Secularization of Work.</p>
<p>114. Rose and The Resacralization of Work.</p>
<p>115. Thrift and New Age Management Trainings.</p>
<p>116. Martin: Latin American Pentecostalism and ′New Social Capital′.</p>
<p>117. Gifford and Prosperity In Africa.</p>
<p>118. Tipton and Zen ′Ectopia′.</p>
<p>Political:.</p>
<p>Introduction.</p>
<p>Political: Overviews:.</p>
<p>119. Martin Differentiates The Religious and The Political.</p>
<p>120. Hallencreutz and Westerlund: A Typology of Relations Between State and Religion.</p>
<p>121. Douglas on Disestablishment.</p>
<p>122. Casanova on The Deprivatization of Religion In Modern Times.</p>
<p>Political: Examples:.</p>
<p>Example (I): Religious Nationalism and Theocracy:.</p>
<p>123. Gardell Defines Religious Nationalism.</p>
<p>124. Juergensmeyer on The Rise of Religious Nationalism.</p>
<p>125. Martin Outlines The Circumstances Under Which Faith and Nation Unite.</p>
<p>126. Abramov on Zionism.</p>
<p>127. Haynes: Is Islam Always Theocratic?.</p>
<p>Example (II): Opposition:.</p>
<p>128. 1864: The Roman Catholic Church Condemns Modern Liberalism.</p>
<p>129. Chaudhuri: The Moral and Religious Basis of Gandhi′s Opposition to British Rule In India.</p>
<p>130. Bennigsen: Sufi Resistance to Communism.</p>
<p>131. Martin on The Role Played By The Churches In Opposing Communism In Eastern Europe.</p>
<p>132. Levine on Liberation Theology In Latin America.</p>
<p>133. Nicholls: Images of God May Subvert Or Legitimate Political Authority.</p>
<p>Example (III): Legitimation:.</p>
<p>134. Rousseau and Civil Religion.</p>
<p>135. Bellah: Civil Religion In America.</p>
<p>136. Nicholls on Christian Legitimations of Nazism In Germany.</p>
<p>Example (IV): Religion At The Origins of The Modern State:.</p>
<p>137. Troeltsch on The Religious Origins of Modern Freedom.</p>
<p>138. Parsons: Modern Democracy As The Institutionalization of Protestantism.</p>
<p>139. Smart: Maoism As A Religion.</p>
<p>Example (V): Public Roles of Religion Within Liberal Democracies:.</p>
<p>140. Martin: Differentiation and The Redistribution of Secular and Sacred Space.</p>
<p>141. Conway on The Course of Political Catholicism In Europe.</p>
<p>142. Haynes: ′The New Political Catholicism′.</p>
<p>143. Wuthnow: The Rise of The New Christian Right.</p>
<p>144. Roof and Mckinney: The Influence of Black Churches on American Politics.</p>
<p>145. Neuhaus: Putting Religion Back Into The ′Naked Public Square′.</p>
<p>146. Martin: Pentecostalism and The Political Significance of The Apolitical.</p>
<p>147. Szerszynski: Cultural Politics.</p>
<p>Political: Prospects:.</p>
<p>148. Casanova: Religion Before The Juggernaut of Modernity.</p>
<p>149. Fenn: The Diffusion of The Sacred.</p>
<p>150. Neuhaus: Religion and The Survival of Liberal Democracy.</p>
<p>151. Bellah Hopes For An International Civil Religion.</p>
<p>152. Juergensmeyer: The Onward March of Religious Nationalism?.</p>
<p>153. Giddens: From Emancipatory Politics to Identity Politics.</p>
<p>Difference, Gendered and Ethnic:.</p>
<p>Introduction.</p>
<p>Difference: Overviews:.</p>
<p>154. Hall: Open and Prescriptive Difference.</p>
<p>155. Said: The Oriental ′Other′.</p>
<p>156. Heelas: Religion and Postmodern Difference.</p>
<p>Difference: Examples:.</p>
<p>Example (I): Gendered Difference:.</p>
<p>157. Pius XI: Women′s Difference.</p>
<p>158. Khomeni: ′Honourable Women′.</p>
<p>159. Daly: Post–Christian Insistence on Women′s Difference.</p>
<p>160. Jacquelyn Grant: ′Black Women′s Jesus′.</p>
<p>161. Davidman on Jewish Women Seeking ′Traditional′ Differentiated Gender Roles.</p>
<p>162. Ahmed: The Return to The Veil As A Source of Empowerment.</p>
<p>163. Cucchiari: Pentecostalism and The Domestication of Men.</p>
<p>164. Marler: Family Breakdown/Church Breakdown.</p>
<p>165. Lehman: Differences Between Women and Men In Ministry.</p>
<p>166. Comaroff and Comaraff: Women As ′Signs and Ciphers′ In Africa.</p>
<p>167. Van Der Veer: Women As ′Signs and Ciphers′ In Pakistan.</p>
<p>Example (II): Ethnic Difference:.</p>
<p>168. Hobsbawn on Interrelations Between Religion and Ethnicity.</p>
<p>169. Voll: Ethnicity and Islam.</p>
<p>170. Mullins: Religio–Ethnic Mobilization In Korea.</p>
<p>171. Gardell on Race Ideology and Religious Nationalism.</p>
<p>172. Danzger on Difference and Jewish Identity.</p>
<p>173. Trigano on The Holocaust and Jewish Identity.</p>
<p>Difference: Prospects:.</p>
<p>174. Hunwick: Post–Colonial Reassertion of Religious Difference.</p>
<p>175. Wuthnow: Diversity In Small Group Spirituality.</p>
<p>176. Starhawk on Inventing Religion Without Absolutes.</p>
<p>177. Martin: The Idea of Unity As The Big Idea.</p>
<p>178. Clarke: The Tension Between Universalism and Difference.</p>
<p>Part III: Trends: .</p>
<p>Introduction.</p>
<p>Secularization: .</p>
<p>Introduction.</p>
<p>Secularization: Overviews:.</p>
<p>179. Hammond Summarizing Secularization As A One–Directional Process.</p>
<p>180. Bell and ′Enlightened Thinkers′.</p>
<p>181. Jameson: The Disappearance Thesis That Religion Is Already Dead.</p>
<p>182. Wilson: The Differentiation Thesis That Religion Has Lost Its Public Significance.</p>
<p>183. Martin and The Coexistence Approach: Secularization and Vitality.</p>
<p>Secularization: Examples:.</p>
<p>184. Brierley and Wraight on Declining Church Membership.</p>
<p>185. Hadaway, Marler and Chaves on Halving Church Attendance In The United States.</p>
<p>186. Hunter and The Fortunes of Evangelicalism.</p>
<p>Secularization: Explanations:.</p>
<p>Explanation (I): The Triumph of Secular Reason:.</p>
<p>187. Kant on The ′Courage to Use Your Own Understanding′.</p>
<p>188. Gerth and Mills Summarizing Weber on Rationalization and Disenchantment.</p>
<p>189. Wilson and The Role Played By Science.</p>
<p>190. Weber′s ′Iron Cage′.</p>
<p>191. Marx′s ′All That Is Solid Melts Into Air′.</p>
<p>Explanation (II): Functional Differentiation:.</p>
<p>192. Wilson Explaining Secularization.</p>
<p>Explanation (III): Differentiation and The Growth of The Secular State:.</p>
<p>193. De Tocqueville and Equality.</p>
<p>194. Casanova on The Privatization of Religion As Constitutive of Western Modernity.</p>
<p>Explanation (IV): Pluralization:.</p>
<p>195. Berger: ′Certainty Is Hard to Come By′.</p>
<p>196. Martin: ′The Breaking of Bonds In General′.</p>
<p>Explanation (V): The Turn to Consumerized Experience:.</p>
<p>197. Byron′s ′Sensation′.</p>
<p>198. Lasch and ′Orgiastic, Ecstatic Religiosity′.</p>
<p>199. Wilson and ′Pushpin and Popcorn′.</p>
<p>200. Bauman′s ′Perfect Consumers′.</p>
<p>Detraditionalization:.</p>
<p>Introduction.</p>
<p>Detraditionalization: Overviews:.</p>
<p>201. Troeltsch: on The Value of ′This Present Life′.</p>
<p>202. Simmel: ′This Wholly Formless Mysticism′.</p>
<p>203. Bellah: ′.Without Imposing . A Prefabricated Set of Answers′.</p>
<p>204. Bellah Et Al.: ′Sheilaism′.</p>
<p>205. Radhakrishnan: Mysticism As The Escape From Tradition.</p>
<p>206. Beckford on Postmodern Religion.</p>
<p>Detraditionalization: Examples:.</p>
<p>Example (I): The Radically Detraditionalized:.</p>
<p>207. Adams and Haaken: ′Anticultural Culture′.</p>
<p>208. Kopp: ′Killing The Buddha′.</p>
<p>209. Jayakar: Krishnamurti and ′Truth Is A Pathless Land′.</p>
<p>210. Christ, Starhawk and The Nature of The Goddess.</p>
<p>Example (II): The Less Radically Detraditionalized:.</p>
<p>211. Stanton: ′The Golden Rule′.</p>
<p>212. Miller and The New Paradigm Churches and ′A Middle Course′.</p>
<p>Example (III): Individualized Religion:.</p>
<p>213. Durkheim on ′A Free Private, Optional Religion, Fashioned According to One′s Own Needs′.</p>
<p>214. Casanova and ′The Cult of The Individual′.</p>
<p>215. Wuthnow on Privatization.</p>
<p>216. Beckford: ′Religion Has Come Adrift From Its Former Points of Anchorage′.</p>
<p>Detraditionalization: Explanations:.</p>
<p>Explanation (I): The Turn to The Detraditionalized Self:.</p>
<p>217. Heelas Summarizing The ′Standard′ History of The Turn to The Self.</p>
<p>218. Simmel: ′The Subjectivism of Modern Personal Life′.</p>
<p>219. Gehlen and The Development ′Of The Psyche Itself′.</p>
<p>220. Hunter, Evangelicalism and ′Fascination With The Self′.</p>
<p>Explanation (II): Freedom and Choice:.</p>
<p>221. Bell: ′All Is to Be Explored′.</p>
<p>222. Bloom: Not ′Don′t Do That!′.</p>
<p>223. Wuthnow and ′Religious Populism′ In The USA.</p>
<p>224. Berger: ′The Necessity to Make Choices As to Beliefs′.</p>
<p>225. Voye and Dobbelaere: Bricolage ′Beyond Secularization′.</p>
<p>Explanation (III): The Impact of Democratization and Universalization:.</p>
<p>226. De Tocqueville, Democracy and Religion.</p>
<p>227. Hatch, Democracy and Religion.</p>
<p>228. Casanova: Catholicism and ′A Universalistic Language′.</p>
<p>Universalization:.</p>
<p>Introduction.</p>
<p>Universalization: Overviews:.</p>
<p>229. Herberg′s ′American Way of Life′.</p>
<p>230. Wuthnow and Declining ′Tensions′.</p>
<p>231. Wilson on Britain and The ′Marginally Different′.</p>
<p>232. Huxley′s ′Perennial Philosophy′.</p>
<p>233. Heelas Summarizing Differentiation and Dedifferentiation.</p>
<p>Universalization: Examples:.</p>
<p>Example (I): Religions of Difference:.</p>
<p>234. Otto′s ′Unnamed Something′.</p>
<p>235. Bahr on Shifts to The More Liberal In Middletown.</p>
<p>Example (II): Religions of Humanity:.</p>
<p>236. Bonney: The World′s Parliament of Religions and The ′Golden Rule′.</p>
<p>237. Kung: ′True Religion Is The Fulfilment of True Humanity′.</p>
<p>238. Gillman: Quakers and ′Why Have Membership At All?′.</p>
<p>239. Tagore and ′Messengers of Man′.</p>
<p>Example (III): Spiritualities of Life:.</p>
<p>240. Emerson and The ′Beatitude of Man′.</p>
<p>241. Beckford and Holistic Spirituality.</p>
<p>242. Gandhi and ′The Permanent Element In Human Nature′.</p>
<p>Universalization: Explanations:.</p>
<p>Explanation (I): Detraditionalization and The Turn to Humanity:.</p>
<p>243. Heelas on Explaining Links Between Detraditionalization and The Ethic of Humanity.</p>
<p>Explanation (II): Handling Difference:.</p>
<p>244. Toulmin and The ′Religious Wars′.</p>
<p>245. Niebuhr on ′The Road to Unity′.</p>
<p>246. Rolland Reacting to ′This Shameful World War′.</p>
<p>247. John Paul II Responding to Difference.</p>
<p>248. Hefner and A ′Shared National Culture′ In Indonesia.</p>
<p>249. Parel: Gandhi′s Search For ′National Integration′.</p>
<p>250. Berger and Responses to Competition In The Market.</p>
<p>Explanation (III): Democracy and Equality:.</p>
<p>251. De Tocqueville: Equality and ′The Unity of The Creator′.</p>
<p>252. Bloom and ′Openness′.</p>
<p>253. Wuthnow, Toleration and College Education.</p>
<p>Explanation (IV): The Role Played By Capitalism:.</p>
<p>254. Gellner and The Egalitarian Outlook.</p>
<p>255. Bruce: ′Modernization′ and ′Fundamental Egalitarianism′.</p>
<p>Sacralization:.</p>
<p>Introduction.</p>
<p>Sacralization: Overviews:.</p>
<p>256. Casanova on ′A Radical Change In Intellectual Climate′.</p>
<p>257. Berger: Secularization Theory As ′Essentially Mistaken′.</p>
<p>258. Casanova: Religion and ′The Ongoing Construction of The Modern World′.</p>
<p>259. Haynes, Deprivatization and The Discontents of Modernity.</p>
<p>260. Warner and ′American Exceptionalism′.</p>
<p>261. Hoover Summarizing The Growth of Religion In Middletown.</p>
<p>Sacralization: Examples:.</p>
<p>Example (I): Religions of Difference V. Religions of Humanity:.</p>
<p>262. Berger and The Rise of Religions ′Dripping With Reactionary Supernaturalism′.</p>
<p>263. Voll and Dynamic Islam.</p>
<p>Example (II): Experiential Religions of Difference:.</p>
<p>264. Hunter: Evangelicalism In The USA As ′Far From Pale and Lifeless′.</p>
<p>265. Miller: ′A New Era of Postdenominational Christianity In America′.</p>
<p>Example (III): Spiritualities of Life:.</p>
<p>266. Lewis on A ′Significant Cultural Shift′.</p>
<p>Example (IV): Vitality Beyond Institutionalized Religion:.</p>
<p>267. Heelas on Growth Beyond Church and Chapel.</p>
<p>Sacralization: Explanations:.</p>
<p>Explanation (I): Religions of Difference:.</p>
<p>268. Casanova, Deprivatization and The Critique of Modernity.</p>
<p>269. Bruce: Religion, Cultural Defence and Transition.</p>
<p>270. Hefner: Gellner, Islam and The Nation–State.</p>
<p>271. Elphick: Rapid Change In South Africa.</p>
<p>272. Kelley and ′The Essential Function of Religion′.</p>
<p>273. Berger on The Quest For Certainty.</p>
<p>274. Stark: Pluralism and ′Creating A Demand′.</p>
<p>Explanation (II): Experiential Religions of Difference:.</p>
<p>275. Miller: Why Are The New Paradigm Churches Growing?.</p>
<p>Explanation (III): Spiritualities of Life:.</p>
<p>276. Berger: ′Modernization and Subjectivization Are Cognate Processes′.</p>
<p>278. Luckmann: A ′Profound Change In The "Location" of Religion In Society′.</p>
<p>279. Stark and Secularization As ′Self–Limiting′.</p>
<p>Explanation (IV): Significance Beyond Institutionalized Religion:.</p>
<p>280. Heelas and Constructing Autobiographies.</p>
<p>Explanation (V): The Need For Religion, and The Future:.</p>
<p>281. Bell and The Return of The Sacred.</p>
<p>Conclusion.</p>
<p>References.</p>
<p>Index of Names.</p>