US Foreign Policy in Action

<p>List of Photos ix</p>
<p>List of Figures xi</p>
<p>List of Maps xii</p>
<p>List of Tables xiii</p>
<p>Preface and Acknowledgments xiv</p>
<p>1 Introduction: United States Foreign Policy in Action 1</p>
<p>Historical Foundations 3</p>
<p>Major Actors in the Foreign Policy Process 7</p>
<p>Pedagogical Approach: How to Use This Book 9</p>
<p>Key Features 10</p>
<p>Overview of the Book 11</p>
<p>2 The History of US Foreign Policy 14</p>
<p>Revolutionary Values 15</p>
<p>The Struggle to Defi ne the New Nation 18</p>
<p>Manifest Destiny? 22</p>
<p>The Civil War 24</p>
<p>Rise to Globalism 26</p>
<p>The American Century and World Wars 29</p>
<p>Discussion Questions 35</p>
<p>3 Foreign Policy in the Cold War and Post–Cold War Era 38</p>
<p>Introduction 39</p>
<p>The Cold War 40</p>
<p>The Truman Doctrine 42</p>
<p>Korea and Vietnam 45</p>
<p>Redefining Values and Interests? 47</p>
<p>The End of the Cold War 55</p>
<p>Engagement and Enlargement 58</p>
<p>Interests versus Values? The War on Terrorism 59</p>
<p>Discussion Questions 64</p>
<p>4 Key Government Institutions: The President, Congress, and the Courts 68</p>
<p>Section I: Constitutional Authority and the Invitation to Struggle 69</p>
<p>The President and the Executive Branch 71</p>
<p>Presidential Influence 72</p>
<p>Instruments of Presidential Power 83</p>
<p>Congress: The Legislative Branch 84</p>
<p>The Courts: The Judicial Branch 95</p>
<p>Conclusion 98</p>
<p>Discussion Questions 99</p>
<p>Section II: Structured Debate: Leadership in Action and the War on Terrorism 100</p>
<p>Guidelines and Rules of Procedure 100</p>
<p>Debate: Executive Dominance and the War on Terrorism 101</p>
<p>Background: The War on Terrorism 101</p>
<p>Framing the Debate: Values and Interests 103</p>
<p>Position 1: YES, The President Should Have Greater Authority in the War on Terrorism 103</p>
<p>Additional Resources 105</p>
<p>Position 2: NO, The President Should Not Have More Foreign Policy Authority 106</p>
<p>Additional Resources 111</p>
<p>5 Bureaucracies: Unelected Actors in the Foreign Policy Process 116</p>
<p>Section I: Bureaucracies and Foreign Policy 117</p>
<p>Key Characteristics of Bureaucracies 117</p>
<p>The Theory of Bureaucratic Politics 119</p>
<p>The Department of Defense 122</p>
<p>The Department of State 129</p>
<p>Intelligence Bureaucracies 137</p>
<p>Discussion Questions 144</p>
<p>Section II: National Security Council Simulation: Bureaucratic Politics in Action 145</p>
<p>Exercise Scenario: Proliferation Threats 147</p>
<p>Iranian Nuclear Ambitions 148</p>
<p>Appendices: Templates and Role Assignments 155</p>
<p>Additional Resources 160</p>
<p>6 Interest Groups and Political Parties 163</p>
<p>Section I: The Power of Unelected Actors 164</p>
<p>Interest Groups 164</p>
<p>What Do You Want? How to Lobby Effectively 168</p>
<p>Types of Interest Groups 171</p>
<p>Political Parties 179</p>
<p>Conclusion: Are All Politics Local ? 185</p>
<p>Discussion Questions 185</p>
<p>Section II: Interest Groups in Action: Case–Based Learning 186</p>
<p>Pedagogical Approach 186</p>
<p>Environmental Policy: The United States, Interest Groups, and Climate Change 186</p>
<p>A Change of Climate? 193</p>
<p>Legislative Showdown 197</p>
<p>Case Discussion Questions 200</p>
<p>7 Public Opinion and the Media 204</p>
<p>Section I: Reaching the Masses? Public Opinion and the Media 205</p>
<p>Public Opinion 205</p>
<p>Public Attitudes and Foreign Policy: A Direct Line? 214</p>
<p>Media and Foreign Policy 216</p>
<p>The Functions of Media 217</p>
<p>Contemporary Trends in Media Coverage 221</p>
<p>Discussion Questions 224</p>
<p>Section II: Public Opinion and the Media in Action: Problem–Based Cooperative Learning 226</p>
<p>Research Project 1: Alternative News Media and Foreign Policy: Educating the Public? 226</p>
<p>Research Project 2: The Media and National Security: Is There a Public Right to Know ? 230</p>
<p>8 Grand Strategy: Then and Now 243</p>
<p>Section I: What is Grand Strategy? 244</p>
<p>Alternative Grand Strategy Frames for US Foreign Policy Positions 246</p>
<p>Hegemony/Unilateralism 247</p>
<p>Multilateralism 251</p>
<p>Isolationism/Parochialism 255</p>
<p>Formulating Grand Strategy in the Post–9/11 World 258</p>
<p>Discussion Questions 260</p>
<p>Section II: Structured Debate: A New Grand Strategy for the Twenty–First Century? 262</p>
<p>Guidelines and Rules of Procedure 262</p>
<p>Framing the Debate 263</p>
<p>Position 1: YES, A New Foreign Policy Should be Strongly Multilateral Vital Interests are Global 263</p>
<p>What Does Multilateralism Mean for Foreign Policy? 265</p>
<p>Transnational Issues and Multilateral Solutions 265</p>
<p>Additional Resources 270</p>
<p>Position 2: NO, A New Foreign Policy Should be Isolationist/Parochial Vital Interests are Domestic 270</p>
<p> It s the Economy, Stupid 271</p>
<p>What Does Parochialism Mean for US Foreign Policy? 272</p>
<p>The War on Terror and US Parochialism 274</p>
<p>A Sustainable Foreign Policy Agenda? 276</p>
<p>Additional Resources 278</p>
<p>9 Contemporary Foreign Policy Analysis 282</p>
<p>Fundamental Dynamics of Foreign Policy 283</p>
<p>Obama Foreign Policy 285</p>
<p>The Arab Spring Meets Liberal Engagement 288</p>
<p>Domestic Political Constraints 289</p>
<p>Foreign Policy Continuity versus Change 293</p>
<p>What Can You Do? 295</p>
<p>Bibliography 298</p>
<p>Index 324</p>