OSHA and the Politics of Health Regulation

1: Perspectives on Government Regulation.- 1.1. Views of Regulation.- 1.1.1. Pluralism.- 1.1.2. The Capitalist State Perspective.- 1.1.3. An Organizational Perspective on Regulation.- 1.2. Outline of the Book.- 2: Occupational Disease: Magnitude and Issues of the Problem.- 2.1. Scope of the Problem.- 2.2. Issues in Occupational Disease.- 2.2.1. Does the Substance Cause Cancer?.- 2.2.2. Is There a Safe Level of Exposure to the Substance?..- 2.2.3. How Is Exposure to the Substance To Be Controlled?.- 2.3. Summary.- 3: Political and Economic Factors in Occupational Health Work.- 3.1. Factors Encouraging Toxic Substance Control.- 3.1.1. There Is an Influential Social Reform Sector.- 3.1.2. The Link between the Professional Reform Sector and Activist Congressional Staffs.- 3.1.3. The GAO as an Institutionalized Federal Critic of Lagging Regulatory Action.- 3.1.4. Agency Bureaucrats Do Some Autonomous Regulating.- 3.1.5. Federal Courts Give Considerable Weight to an Agency’s Interpretations and Judgments.- 3.1.6. Evidence of Effects: The Costs of Health Regulation..- 3.2. Factors Discouraging Chemical Control.- 3.2.1. Limited Union Commitment to Occupational Health.- 3.2.2. Employee Reaction to Toxic Substances.- 3.2.3. Projecting Workers’ Reactions.- 3.2.4. Managerial Response to Suspected Health Problems.- 3.2.5. Control of Resources.- 3.2.6. Pressure for Cost-Benefit Analysis of Regulations.- 3.3. Summary.- 4: Procedures of and Predictions about OSHA.- 4.1. Regulatory Procedures: The Administrative Procedures Act and the Value of Rational Participation.- 4.1.1. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.- 4.1.2. OSHA’s Health Standards.- 4.2. What Do the Perspectives on Regulation Imply?.- 4.2.1. Pluralism.- 4.2.2. The Capitalist State View.- 4.2.3. The Organizational Perspective.- 5: OSHA’s Chemical Regulations, 1970-1976.- 5.1. OSHA’s Activity.- 5.1.1. Asbestos.- 5.1.2. Certain Carcinogens.- 5.1.3. Pesticides.- 5.1.4. Vinyl Chloride.- 5.1.5. Coke Oven Emissions.- 5.1.6. OSHA’s Early Treatment of the Economic Impact of Standards.- 5.1.7. A Regulatory Slowdown.- 5.2. A Brief Evaluation of OSHA’s Early Activity.- 5.2.1. Pluralism.- 5.2.2. The Organizational Perspective.- 5.2.3. The Capitalist State View.- 6: OSHA’s Regulations After 1976.- 6.1. The New Administration.- 6.1.1. Benzene.- 6.1.2. Dibromochloropropane (DBCP).- 6.1.3. Acrylonitrile.- 6.1.4. Inorganic Arsenic.- 6.1.5. Cotton Dust.- 6.1.6. Lead.- 6.1.7. Chemical Labeling.- 6.1.8. Generic Policy for Carcinogens.- 6.2. Summary of OSHA’s Health Regulation and some Generalizations.- 6.3. OSHA’s History and Views of Regulation.- 7: Service Activities.- 7.1. Employee Notification.- 7.2. The Health Hazard Evaluation Program.- 7.3. The Inspection Program.- 7.4. The Impact of Occupational Health Assistance.- 7.5. Service Issues and the Perspectives on Regulation.- 8: Regulatory Balance.- 8.1. The Current Argument: Excessive Regulation.- 8.1.1. The “Three Faces of the Problem”.- 8.1.2. Reforms.- 8.2. The Problem of Balance: Another View.- 8.2.1. Agencies as Technicians.- 8.2.2. The Backlash against Independence.- 8.2.3. Agency Independence and Policy Debates.- 8.3. Consequences of Diminished Regulation.- 8.3.1. Costs of Controls and Innovation.- 8.3.2. Benefits.- 8.3.3. Product Liability Suits.- 8.3.4. Mobilized Liberal Pressures.- 9: Postscript.- 9.1. The Regulatory Impact Analysis Program.- 9.2. Stopping OSHA.- Appendix: Grover Wrenn Affidavit on Health Standards Process (Summary).- References.