Intangible Cultural Heritage, Sustainable Development and Intellectual Property

1: Introduction<div>The introduction provides a sharp, concise introduction to the general aims and</div><div>argument of the book, in addition to setting out the structure through which the</div><div>book will engage with these aims.</div><div>2: Intangible Cultural Heritage</div><div>Chapter 2 focuses on the first major part of this book, namely ICH. It lays the</div><div>groundwork for some of the broader theoretical themes that run through the book,</div><div>namely: defining the nature of ICH, principally through the domains of ICH set</div><div>out in the UNESCO 2003 Convention; the notion of safeguarding ICH; the role of</div><div>communities, groups and individuals within the framework of the 2003 Convention</div><div>and finally the instruments, objects, artefacts and cultural spaces associated with</div>ICH.<div>2.1 The Definition and Practice of Intangible Cultural Heritage</div><div>2.2 Safeguarding</div><div>2.3 The Subjective Component of Intangible Cultural Heritage: Communities,</div><div>Groups and Individuals</div><div>2.4 The Objective and Spatial Components of Intangible Cultural Heritage:</div><div>Instruments, Objects, Artefacts and Cultural Spaces</div><div>3: Sustainable Development and Intangible Cultural Heritage</div><div>Chapter 3 focuses on the second major part of this book, namely sustainable</div><div>development. Specifically, sustainable development can be of an economic, social</div><div>and environmental character, inclusive of human rights, facilitative of mutual</div><div>respect among communities and intended to better safeguard ICH. The Chapter</div><div>examines how culture and ICH in particular are linked to sustainable development</div><div>as illustrated in the 2003 UNESCO Convention, its Operational Directives and its</div><div>Overall Results Framework. The Chapter analyses the role of ICH as a strategic</div><div>resource to enable inclusive sustainable development and therefore participation</div><div>and inclusive governance. The chapter also introduces ICH as a relevant tool to</div><div>enable environmentally sustainable development, as well as inclusive economic</div><div>development. In addressing inclusive economic development, chapter 3 lays</div><div>the foundation for subsequent chapters to explore the relationship between ICH</div><div>and IPRs, intended as a mechanism to foster valorization and promotion of ICH,</div><div>towards its viability and vitality for the benefit of the communities concerned. Peace</div><div>and security, as a requirement that is essential for sustainable development, and</div><div>a key component of UNESCO’s mission, is also addressed in the chapter. Finally,</div><div>chapter 3 concludes with analysis of the Covid-19 pandemic as a case study on the</div><div>relationship between ICH and sustainable development, exhibiting the importance</div><div>of community-based resilience, with indigenous and local communities at the</div><div>forefront of this process.</div><div>3.1 The Definition and Practice of Sustainable Development in the context of</div><div>Intangible Cultural Heritage</div><div>3.2 Inclusive Social Development: Participation and Inclusive Governance</div><div>3.3 Environmental sustainability</div><div>3.4 Inclusive Economic Development and Commercialisation</div><div>3.5 Peace and Security</div><div>3.6 Covid-19: A case study</div><div>4: Intellectual Property Rights and Intangible Cultural Heritage</div><div>Chapter 4 focuses on the third major part of this book, namely IPRs. It provides</div><div>analysis of different IPRs, including sui generis IPRs, and the strengths and</div><div>weaknesses of such rights as mechanisms capable of safeguarding ICH. The</div><div>chapter argues that while IPRs can be insufficient to protect ICH, and can even</div><div>reinforce misappropriation of such heritage, there are circumstances in which</div><div>IPRs are valuable not only in their capacity to empower indigenous and local</div><div>communities themselves, but also in their capacity to work alongside other</div><div>safeguarding mechanisms that can offer different protections.</div><div>4.1 Intangible Cultural Heritage, Intellectual Property Rights and Territorial</div><div>Enforcement</div><div>4.2 Copyright and Neighbouring Rights</div><div>4.3 Patents, Industrial Designs</div><div>4.4 Know-how, Trade Secrets, Databases and Contracts</div><div>4.5 Individual, Collective, Certification Trade Marks</div><div>4.6 Geographical Indications, Protected Designation of Origin, Traditional</div><div>Speciality Guaranteed</div><div>4.7 The Limitations of Intellectual Property Rights as Safeguarding Mechanisms for</div>Intangible Cultural Heritage<div>4.8 Sui Generis Intellectual Property Rights and the Relationship between Property</div><div>and Heritage</div><div>4.9 Intellectual Property Rights May Be Capable of Safeguarding Intangible</div><div>Cultural Heritage</div><div>5: Intellectual property rights on UNESCO intangible cultural heritage</div><div>Chapter 5 analyses the relationship between ICH and IP in practice. It analyses</div><div>ICH that has been inscribed in the UNESCO Lists under the UNESCO 2003</div><div>Convention and in relation to which the relevant nomination files indicate that the</div><div>interested communities have also adopted IPRs as a safeguarding measure for</div><div>their ICH. This chapter provides an insight into the different types of IPRs used</div><div>by ICH-bearing communities to safeguard their traditional practices. The Chapter</div><div>concludes with a consideration of the relationship between the UNESCO 2003</div><div>Convention and IPRs as safeguarding measures for ICH.</div><div>5.1 Intellectual Property Rights and the Convention</div><div>5.2 Copyright: Dikopelo folk music of Bakgatla ba Kgafela in Kgatleng District</div><div>(Botswana)</div><div>5.3 Copyright and certification trademark: Indonesian Batik</div><div>5.4 Patents, Trade Marks, ContractualClauses and Non-Disclosure Agreements:</div><div>Craftsmanship of mechanical watchmaking and art mechanics (France and</div><div>Switzerland)</div><div>5.5 Collective trademarks: Traditional violin craftsmanship in Cremona (Italy)</div><div>5.6 Individual trademark: ‘Mediterranean Diet” (Italy)</div><div>5.7 Geographical Indications, Protected Designation of Origin, Traditional</div><div>Speciality Guaranteed: Traditional agricultural practice of cultivating the ‘vite ad</div><div>alberello’ (head-trained bush vines) of the community of Pantelleria (Italy)</div><div>5.8 Intellectual property rights on intangible cultural heritage shall respect the spirit</div><div>of the Convention</div><div>6: The Relationship between Intangible Cultural Heritage, Sustainable</div><div>Development and Intellectual Property Rights</div><div>Chapter 6 brings the relationship between ICH, sustainable development and IPRs</div><div>to the fore. It provides an analysis of the challenges and opportunities of using</div><div>IPRs to achieve social, environmental and economic sustainable development</div><div>aims for ICH safeguarding that are articulated by the 2003 UNESCO Convention.</div><div>This chapter also addresses the enforcement of IPRs on ICH and concludes with</div>an analysis of the challenges of the cross-border enforcement of IPRs by the<div>interested communities.</div><div>6.1 Social Sustainable Development: Inclusive Multilevel Governance Systems of</div><div>Collective Intellectual Property Rights engaging and empowering Communities</div><div>6.2 Environmental Sustainable Development: Community-based Resilience;</div><div>Environmental Impacts, Knowledge and Practices Regarding Nature and the</div><div>Universe; Resilience to</div><div>Natural Disasters and Climate Change and Intellectual Property Rights</div><div>6.3 Economic Sustainable Development: Intellectual Property Rights protecting</div><div>Intangible Cultural Heritage against Commercialisation Risks</div><div>6.4 Consolidation&nbsp;of Litigation for Cross-border Enforcement of Intellectual Property</div><div>Rights on Intangible Cultural Heritage</div>