Endoscopic Surgery in Children

I Basics.- Why Endoscopic Surgery in Children?.- Instrumentation.- Basic Technique.- Ergonomics of Task Performance in Endoscopic Surgery.- Training in Paediatric Endoscopic Surgery.- Basic Physiology and Anesthesia.- II Chest.- Thoracoscopy in Infants and Children: Basic Technique.- Diagnostic Thoracoscopy in Children.- Thoracoscopy in the Treatment of Empyema in Children.- Therapeutic Thoracoscopic Procedures in Children: Indications and Surgical Applications in Lung and Mediastinum.- Thoracoscopic Repair of Hiatal Hernia in Children.- Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus.- Vascular Access.- Endoscopic Transthoracic Sympathectomy in the Treatment of Primary Palmar Hyperhidrosis in Children.- Video-Asssisted Repair of Esophageal Atresia.- III: Abdomen: Diagnostic Laparoscopy.- Diagnostic Laparoscopy.- Gastrointestinal Tract.- Laparoscopic Treatment of Achalasia.- Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication in Children.- Laparoscopic Toupet Fundoplication.- Laparoscopic Thai Fundoplication in Infants and Children.- Laparoscopic Gastrostomy.- Laparoscopic Antroplasty.- Laparoscopic Extramucosal Pyloromyotomy.- Laparoscopic Jejunostomy.- Laparoscopic Treatment of Anomalies of Intestinal Rotation in Children.- Laparoscopic Approach to Intestinal Obstruction in Children.- Laparoscopic Diagnosis and Treatment of Meckel’s Diverticulum in Children.- Intussusception.- Laparoscopic Appendicectomy in Children.- Laparoscopic Total Colectomy.- Laparoscopic Endorectal Pull-Through.- Laparoscopic Removal of the Aganglionic Bowel According to Duhamel-Martin.- Treatment of Hirschsprung’s Disease by Laparoscopic Dissection of Bowel, Transanal Eversion and Perineal Resection.- Liver and Biliary Tree.- Endoscopic Surgery for Liver Hydatid Cysts.- Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.- Spleen.- Laparoscopic Splenectomy.- Diaphragm.- Laparoscopic Repair of Diaphragmatic Conditions in Infants and Children.- Inguinal Hernia.- Contralateral Groin Exploration During Inguinal Hernia Repair.- Shunts and Catheters.- Laparoscopic Approach to Ventriculoperitoneal Shunts.- Laparoscopic Insertion of Peritoneal Dialysis Catheters in Children.- Complications.- Complications in Laparoscopic Surgery in Children.- IV Urogenital Tract.- Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Nephrectomy.- Videosurgery of the Retroperitoneal Space in Children.- The Nonpalpable Testis.- Laparoscopic Varicocele.- Adnexal Pathology.- Laparoscopy and Intersex.- V Orthopedics and Neurosurgery.- Thoracoscopic Anterior Spinal Diskectomy and Fusion.- Indications, Techniques and Results of Pediatric Neuroendoscopy.- VI Oncology.- Endoscopic Surgery in Paediatric Oncology.- VII Conclusion.- The Future of Endoscopic Surgery in Children.