<p>1. The Genus Homo: Origin, Speciation and Dispersal </p><p>Winfried Henke and Thorolf Hardt</p><p> </p><p>2. Before the Neanderthals: Hominid Evolution in Middle Pleistocene Europe</p><p>Ian Tattersall</p><p> </p><p>3. The Earliest European Human Peopling after the Recent Discoveries: Early Neanderthals or Different Lineages?</p><p>Francesco Mallegni</p><p> </p><p>4. The Gran Dolina-TD6 Human Fossil Remains and the Origin of Neanderthals</p><p>Juan Maria Bermudez de Castro, M. Martinon-Torres, A. Gomez-Robles, A. Margvelashvili, J.L. Arsuaga, J.M. Carretero, I. Martinez & S. Sarmiento</p><p>5. The Hominid Fossils from China Contemporaneous with the Neanderthals and Some Related Studies</p><p>Wu Liu and Xiujie Wu</p><p> </p><p>6. Behavioral and Cultural Origins of Neanderthals: A Levantine Perspective </p><p>Naama Goren-Inbar</p><p> </p><p>7. Discontinuities in the Faunal Assemblages and Early Human Populations of Central and Western Europe during the Middle and Late Pleistocene</p><p>Wighart von Koenigswald</p><p> </p><p>8. Neanderthal Geographical and Chronological Variation </p><p>Bernard Vandermeersch and Maria- Dolores Garralda </p><p> </p><p>9. A Preliminary Approach to the Neanderthal Speciation by Distance Hypothesis: a View from the Shoulder Complex</p><p>Jean-Luc Voisin</p><p> </p><p>10. Facts and Ideas in Paleolithic Growth Studies (Paleoauxology). Evidence from Neanderthals in Europe. </p><p>Anne-Marie Tillier</p><p> </p><p>11. Dental Development and Age at Death of a Middle Paleolithic Juvenile Hominin from Obi-Rakhmat Grotto, Uzbekistan </p><p>Tanya M. Smith, D. J. Reid, A.J. Olejniczak, S. Bailey, M. Glantz, B. Viola and J.-J.Hublin</p><p> </p><p>12. Computerized Reconstruction of Prenatal Growth Trajectories in the Dentition: Implications for the Taxonomic Status of Neandertals</p><p>Patricia Smith, Gal Avishai, Ralph Müller and Yankel Gabet</p><p> </p><p>13. Endostructural Characterisation of the Regourdou 1 Neanderthal Proximal Arm: Bilateral Asymmetry and Handedness</p><p>Virginie Volpato, Christine Couture, Roberto Macchiarelli and Bernard Vandermeersch</p><p> </p><p>14. A Three-dimensional Look at the Neanderthal Mandible</p><p>Katerina Harvati, Nandini Singh and Elisa Nicholson López</p><p> </p><p> 15. Integration and Homology of "Chignon" and "Hemibun" Morphology</p><p>Philipp Günz and Katerina Harvati</p><p> </p><p>16. Virtual Synthesis of the Skull in Neanderthals by FESS</p><p>Ulrich Witzel</p><p> </p><p>17. Neandertal mtDNA from a Late Pleistocene Human Mandible from the Cova del Gegant (Spain)</p><p>Juan Luis Arsuaga, R. Quam, J. Daura, M. Sanz, M.E. Subira, L. Dalen and A. Götherstrom</p><p> </p><p>18. Towards Neanderthal Paleogenomics</p><p>David Caramelli, Lucio Milani, Roscoe Stanyon and Carles Lalueza Fox</p><p> </p><p>19. Twelve Years of Neandertal Genetic Discoveries : State-of-the-art and Future Challenges </p><p>Ludovic Orlando and Catherine Hänni</p><p> </p><p>20. Radiocarbon Dating the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic Transition: the Demise of the Last Neanderthals and the First Appearance of Anatomically Modern Humans in Europe</p><p>Olaf Jöris, Martin Street, Thomas Terberger and Bernhard Weninger</p><p> </p><p>21. Archaeological, Paleontological and Genomic Perspectives on Late European Neandertals at Vindija Cave, Croatia</p><p>Ivor Janković, Ivor Karavanić, James C. M. Ahern, Dejana Brajković, Jadranka Mauch, Lenardić and Fred H. Smith</p><p> </p><p>22. Late Neandertals and Early Modern Humans in Europe: Population Dynamics and Paleobiology</p><p>Erik Trinkaus</p><p> </p><p>23. Aliens from Outer Time? Why the "Human Revolution" Is Wrong, and Where Do We Go from Here?</p><p>João Zilhão</p><p> </p><p>24. Neandertals and the Roots of Human Recency </p><p>Milford H. Wolpoff and Rachel Caspari</p><p> </p><p>25. Epilogue </p>150 Years of Neanderthal