Law, Ideology and Punishment

I. Law, Ideology and Punishment.- 1. Introduction: Critique and Retrieval of the Liberal Ideal of Criminal Justice.- 2. Between Appearance and Reality: the Contradictions of Legal Ideology.- 1. Abstract Individualism versus Concrete Individuality.- 2. Individual Right versus Social Power.- 3. Juridical Ideology and the Philosophy of Punishment.- II. The Birth of Juridical Individualism: Hobbes and the Philosophy of Punishment.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Contradiction in the Hobbesian Philosophy of Punishment.- 3. Hobbes’s Juridical Individualism.- 4. Hobbes and the Historical Development of the Philosophy of Punishment.- 5. Conclusion.- III. Purifying Juridical Individualism: Kant’s Retributivism.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Metaphysical Basis of Punishment.- 1. Two Concepts of Will and Freedom.- 2. Law and Justice.- 3. Coercion and Punishment.- 3. ‘A Theory Built on Tension’.- 1. The Gap between Theory and Practice.- 2. Applying the Jus Talionis.- 4. Conclusion: Kant’s Juridical Individualism.- IV. Rationalising Juridical Individualism — and the Rise of ‘the Irrational’: Hegel.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Hegelian Justification of Punishment.- 1. Absolute Idealism and the Philosophy of Right.- 2. Coercion, Punishment and Proportionality.- 3.‘From the Point of View of Abstract Right’.- 1. The Gap between Theory and Practice.- 2. Proportionality of Punishment.- 4. Reason, Reality and the Irruption of ‘the Irrational’.- 1. The Nature of Criminality.- 2. The Measure of Punishment.- 5. Conclusion.- V. Abstract Right and the Socialisation of Wrong: Retributivism’s English Decline and Fall.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Revising the Classical Tradition:T.H.Green.- 1. Green’s Philosophy of Punishment.- 2. Contradictions in Green’s Account.- 3. Juridical Individualism, Concrete Individuality and State Power.- 3. Revising the Classical Tradition: Bradley and Bosanquet.- 1. F.H.Bradley.- 2. Bernard Bosanquet.- 4. Conclusion.- VI. Juridical Individualism and State Power: Utilitarianism in the Twentieth Century.- 1. Introduction.- 2.The Triumph of Utilitarianism.- 1. The Utilitarian Context.- 2. A Utilitarian Morality of Punishment.- 3. Utilitarianism and Individual Right.- 1. Refining Utilitarianism and the ‘Definitional Stop’.- 2. Retributive Punishment as a Legal Requirement.- 3. Two-Stage Approaches to Retributivism.- 4. Conclusion.- VII. Juridical Individualism, Individual Freedom And Criminal Justice.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Defending Freewill.- 1. Determinism and Freewill as Compatible Doctrines.- 2. The Incoherence of Psychological Determinism.- 3. Freewill, Determinism and Criminal Justice.- 1. Excusing Conditions.- 2. Mitigating Punishment.- 4. Conclusion.- VIII. Juridical individualism, State Power And Legal Reasoning.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Legal Reasoning and Criminal Responsibility.- 1. D.P.P. v. Majewski.- 2. R. v. Caldwell.- 3. Abbott v. The Queen.- 4. Analysis.- 3. Speaking the Language of Law.- 4. Conclusion.- IX. The Limits of Legal Ideology.- 1. The Philosophical — Historical Development of the Liberal Ideal of Criminal Punishment.- 2. The Return to Kant.- 3. The Ideal and the Actual.