International Bar Association

I. Introduction.- 2. Amendment to the Civil Code, and Domestic Relations Law and the Family Court.- 1) The New Constitution and Fundamental Concept of the Revised Civil Code and Domestic Matters Conciliation.- 2) Nature of the Law of Adjudgment of Domestic Matters and the Mission of the Family Court.- 3. Organization of the Domestic Relations Adjudgment Division in the Family Court.- 1) Adjudgment.- 2) Conciliation.- 3) Exclusion, Challenge and Evasion.- 4) Democratic Nature of the Family Court.- 4. History of the Family Court.- II. Practical Business.- Section 1. General Remarks.- 5. Significance of Domestic Matters Conciliation.- 6. Nature of Domestic Matters Conciliation.- 7. Method and Object of Conciliation.- 8. Characteristics of Conciliation.- 1) Principle of Simplicity.- 2) Saving of Time, Labour and Cost.- 3) Principle of Closed-door Session.- 4) Friendliness and Understanding.- 5) Kindness and Politeness.- 6) Settlements Made Under Tangible Propriety.- 7) To be Settled on Mutual Agreement and Consent.- 8) Neither Party Wins or Loses the Case.- 9) No Excessive Misery for Either Party.- 10) Relief from Poverty.- 11) Misapprehension Dispelled.- 12) No Feeling of Resentment Retained.- 13) Friendship Restored.- 14) Desirable Settlement Obtainable.- 15) Human Rights Extended and Democracy Pervaded.- 16) Executing Organ of Social Policies.- Section 2. Interpretation of Official Duties.- 9. Primary Object is to Meet Confidence and Expectation.- 10. Service to the Populace and Constant Propagation.- 11. Function and Conciliation Adjusting Office.- 12. Interview and Correspondence with Interested Parties.- 13. Closed-door Sessions.- 14. Investigation of Records and Taking Notes.- 15. Filing of Case Cards.- Section 3. General Procedures.- 16. Disposition from Appearance to Commencement of Conciliation.- 17. Opening, Progress and Conclusion of Conciliation.- 1) Opening of Conciliation.- a) Admittance to the Assigned Room.- b) Elucidation of the System.- c) Hearing of Actual Circumstances.- d) Report of Progress and Course of Conciliation.- e) Taking Evidence.- f) Regulation and Induction.- g) Period of Continuing Action.- h) Change in Conciliation Course and Conciliation Terms.- i) Decision of the Conciliation Commission.- j) Secrecy of Conferences.- 2) Formation of Conciliation, Conciliation by Adjudgment, Compulsory Conciliation, Withdrawal, Unsuccessful Conciliation and Improper Application for Conciliation.- a) Formation and Validity of Conciliation.- b) Raising of Objections.- c) Title of Obligation.- d) Withdrawal.- e) Treatment of Absentee Cases.- f) Failure in Conciliation.- g) Improper Application.- 18. Acceleration and Settlement of Conciliation.- 19. Protocols to be Signed by Conciliation Commissioners.- 20. Disposition after Termination of Conciliation Until Leaving the Court.- Section 4. Special Procedures.- 21. Representatives or Attorneys-at-Law.- 22. Valuation of Real Estate and Taking Evidence.- 23. Cases concerning Domiciles outside Jurisdiction.- 24. Order of Emergency Measures.- 25. Enflux Procedures for Receiving Food Allocation.- 26. Welfare Disposition.- 27. Hearing Opinions of Minors.- 28. Disposition against Absentees.- 29. Place of Money Payment Set Forth in Conciliation Terms.- 30. Recommendation to Relief Committee of the Lawyers’ Association.- Section 5. Standards of Domestic Matters Conciliation.- 31. Standards of Domestic Matters Conciliation.- 1) Legislation and Principle for Domestic Matters Conciliation Standards.- a) Important Legislation.- b) “Individual Dignity” and “Essential Equality of the Sexes”.- c) “Principle of Respecting Family Life”.- d) “Principle of Faith and Trust”.- e) Laws and Ordinances relating to Conciliation.- 2) Morality.- 3) “Principle of Tangible Propriety”.- Section 6. Conciliation Terms.- 32. Creation and Kinds of Domestic Matters Conciliation Terms.- 1) Creation of “Concretely Appropriate Terms of Conciliation”.- 2) Kinds of Conciliation Terms.- a) Terms concerning Rights and Obligations.- b) Terms concerning Manner of Living.- c) Terms concerning Warning Instructions.- d) Terms concerning Payment of Costs.- Section 7. Methods of Conciliation.- 33. Clear-headed Insight and Absence of Prejudice.- 34. Method of Conciliation and Preparedness.- 35. Attitude and Readiness for Conciliation.- 36. Expedient of Persuasion and Compromise on Ethics and Religion.- 37. Spirit of Sharing Difficulties.- 38. Don’t Blame Their Sins and Errors.- 39. Avoid Discussion and Talk with Friendliness.- 40. Synthetic Judgment covering the Whole Range.- 41. Women’s Imploration for Understanding.- 42. Dismissal of Children.- 43. Feudalistic Families to be Regenerated.- 44. Security of Independent Livelihood.- 45. Emergency Measures for Support of Family Members.- 46. Protection of Children and Checking of Divorces.- 47. Children’s Charter and Protection of Children.- 48. Immediate Help Necessary to Restore Lost Happiness.- 49. Best Efforts and Unsuccessful Conciliation.- 50. Wits and Successful Conciliation.- III. Legislation.- Section 1. Jurisdiction.- 51. Jurisdiction Over Domestic Matters Conciliation.- 1) Jurisdiction Based on Legal Matters.- A) Optional Application (Cases class “B”).- (1) Cases Prescribed in the Civil Code.- (2) Cases Prescribed in the Bankruptcy Law.- (3) Cases Prescribed in the Livelihood Protection Law.- B) Cases to be Disposed of by Conciliation Only.- 2) Jurisdiction Based on Land.- 3) District of Jurisdiction of the Tokyo Family Court.- Section 2. Procedures.- 52. Procedures for Domestic Matters Conciliation.- 1) Application for Conciliation.- 2) Procedures for Conciliation.- A) Conciliation by the Conciliation Commission.- (1) Place of Conciliation.- (2) Order for Necessary Measures Prior to Conciliation.- (3) Instruction of Judges.- (4) Decision of Conciliation Commission.- (5) Secrecy of Conferences.- (6) Permission or Disapproval of Delegation.- (7) Inquiries, Taking Evidence and Requisition Thereof.- (8) Requisition of Inquiries and Request of Report.- (9) Instruction of Requisition and Request.- (10) Travelling Expenses, Daily Allowance, etc. for Witnesses, Experts, etc.- (11) Preparation and Omission of Protocol.- (12) Transfer of Procedures.- (13) Participation of Interested Persons.- (14) Inspection of Records and Delivery of Copy of Documents.- (15) Expenses and Party Who Pays Them.- (16) Refusal of Conciliation.- (17) Notification to Parties Concerned.- (18) Supplementing of Conciliation Commissioners.- B) Conciliation Undertaken by Only One Judge.- Section 3. Validity.- 53. Validity of Domestic Matters Conciliation.- Section 4. Special Adjudgment in Conciliation.- 54. Special Adjudgments.- 1) Kinds and Procedures.- A) Conciliation Adjudgment.- (1) Kinds of Cases.- (2) Conciliation by the Commission.- (3) Essential Conditions.- (4) Adjudgment.- (5) When Adjudgment Is not Made.- B) Adjudgment of Compulsory Conciliation.- (1) Kinds of Cases.- (2) Conciliation by the Commission.- (3) Essential Conditions.- (4) Proper Adjudgment.- (5) Unsuccessful Conciliation on Cases Class “B”.- (6) When Compulsory Conciliation Is not Made.- 2) Validity of Special Adjudgment.- Section 5. Notification to Census Registrar.- 55. Notice to the Census Registrar.- Section 6. Transfer of Conciliation and Adjudgment.- 56. Relation Between Conciliation and Adjudgment.- 1) Transfer of Adjudging Case to Conciliation.- 2) Suspension of Adjudging Case.- 3) Unsuccessful Case Class “B” and Its Transfer to Adj udgment.- Section 7. Conciliation Priority Principle.- 57. Relation Between Conciliation and Lawsuit.- 1) Conciliation Priority Principle.- 2) Ditto.- 3) Ditto.- Section 8. Penal Provisions.- 58. Penalties.- 1) Violation of Obligation to Enter Appearance.- 2) Offense against Duty to Keep Secrecy.- 3) Offense against Disclosure of Secrets.