The Theory of Nationalisation

Introduction: The Pre-legal Foundation of Nationalisation.- 1. The Social Foundation.- 2. The Economic Foundation.- 3. The Political Foundation.- 4. Conclusion.- I. — The Achievement.- Section I: Introduction.- 1. The Scope of Nationalisation.- . Preliminary Signs before 1917.- 3. Nationalisation between 1917 and 1939.- 4. Nationalisation after 1939.- Section II: Industry and Commerce.- 1. Nationalisation in France and Great Britain.- 2. Nationalisation in Eastern Europe.- 3. Nationalisation in other Countries.- Section III: General and Systematic Conclusions.- II. — The Legal Structure.- Section I: Introduction.- Section II: The Socialisation of Law.- 1. Legal Aspects of the Controlled Economy.- 2. The Socialisation of Law.- 3. The Fusion of Private Law and Public Law.- Section III: The Socialisation of Property.- 1. The Uniformity of Property.- 2. The Evolution of Property.- 3. The “Social Function” of Property.- 4. The “Fragmentation” of Property.- Section IV: The Legal Nature of Nationalisation.- 1. The Constitutional Basis.- 2. The Scope and Nature of the Act of Nationalisation.- 3. Nationalisation and Expropriation.- 4. Nationalisation and Confiscation.- 5. Nationalisation and “Etatisation”.- Section V: Conclusions.- III. — Operation.- Section I: Introduction.- Section II: The Form of Nationalisation.- 1. The Form of State Participation in Economic Exchange.- 2. The Link between the Old and the New Undertakings.- 3. Forms of Nationalised Undertakings: Contemporary Law.- 4. Forms of Nationalised Undertakings: Characteristics.- 5. Mixed Undertakings.- Section III: Place and Function.- 1. Coexistence with the Private Sector.- 2. The Influence of Coexistence on Legal Structure.- 3. Effects on the Civil Law.- 4. The Coordination and Subordination of Nationalised Undertakings.- 5. Control.- 6. Repercussions on Criminal Law.- 7. Nationalisation and Cooperation.- 8. Denationalisation.- Section IV: The State Plan.- 1. The Essence of Planning.- 2. Planning as a Juridical Problem.- 3. The Plan as a Constitutional Institution.- 4. The Plan as a Super-Law and Super-Source of Rights and Obligations.- 5. The Implementation of the Plan.- IV. — International Law.- Section I: Private Property in Public International Law.- 1. Preliminary Remarks.- 2. From the Conferences at The Hague (1899 and 1907) to 1939.- 3. After Potsdam (1945).- 4. Conclusions.- Section II: International Status of Nationalisation.- 1. The Validity of the Act of Nationalisation on the International Plane.- 2. The International Status of Nationalised Undertakings.- 3. International Control and Sanctions.- Section III: Compensation.- 1. Compensation in Municipal Law.- 2. Analysis of Municipal Law.- 3. Compensation and International Public Policy.- 4. Extent of Compensation in International Law.- Section IV: Procedure.- 1. The Determination of Compensation.- 2. Responsibility.- Appendix: “Inter”-Nationalisation.