Proceedings of the International Institute of Space Law 2018

Preface: Highlights of the IISL in 2018 xv
Kai-Uwe Schrogl
About the IISL xxi
Board of Directors 2018 xxiii
New IISL Members Elected in 2018 xxv
Standing Committee on the Status of International Agreements Relating to Activities in Outer Space xxvii

61st IISL COLLOQUIUM ON THE LAW OF OUTER SPACE
BREMEN, GERMANY

SESSIONS

1. 10th Nandasiri Jasentuliyana Keynote Lecture on Space Law and Young Scholars Session
- Space Law and International Organisations 3
Marco Ferrazzani
Nandasiri Jasentuliyana Keynote Lecture on Space Law
- From the Unilateral Acts of States towards Unilateralism in Space Law 15
Tugrul Cakir
- Can Japan Launch Itself into Becoming a Leader in Global Space Business with Its New Space Legislation? 31
Masaya Uchino
- The Concept of Launching State in Democratized NewSpace 61
Hamza Hameed
- Legal Challenges of Space 4.0: The Framework Conditions of Legal Certainty among States, International Organisations and Private Actors in the Changing Landscape of Space Activities 71
Gina Petrovici, Antonio Carlo
- The Rules of Preventing Collisions in Outer Space 89
Huxiao Yang, Chang Dai
- A Comparative Analysis between the Act on the Exploration and Use of Space Resources (Luxembourg) and the Commercial Space Launch Competitiveness Act (US): Ways Forward for National Space Law 99
Yangzi Tao
- The Non-Appropriation Principle: A Roman Interpretation 111
Andrea Capurso
Winner of the 2018 Isabella H.Ph. Diederiks-Verschoor Award for Best Paper by a Young Author
- BEEs in Space: Swarm Technologies’ Unauthorised Deployment of Smallsats and Article VI of the Outer Space Treaty 129
Scarlet Wagner
- Regulating Remote Sensing in National Space Legislation to Increase Legal Certainty on an International Level 143
Vincent Seffinga
- Do National Space Laws Look beyond Liability for Damage? - The Case of India 157
Upsana Dasgupta
- Back to the Moon: Legal Challenges for Future Lunar Exploration 175
Antonino Salmeri

2. Financing Space: Procurement, Competition and Regulatory Approach
- The U.S. Procurement Model as a Tool for Growing Private Industry 193
Mark Sundahl
- Public Procurement Rules, Forms of Financing and Their Impact on Competition in the Space Field: A General Overview with a Focus on the Italian Legislative Framework and Its Practical Implementation 205
Marina Gagliardi, Giorgio Garagnani, Nicoletta Bini, Cristina Marabottini
- The Space Protocol of the Cape Town Convention: An International Secured Transactions Regime for Space Assets 223
Anna Veneziano, Hamza Hameed
- So You Want to Buy a Space Company? 237
Brendan Cohen
- Insurance Involvement on New Space Activities Development 255
Cécile Gaubert
- Private and Public Space Activities in Europe through the Lenses of EU Competition Law 267
Marco Ferrazzani, Ioanna Thoma
- The European Union and Space - Space for Competition? 285
Frans von der Dunk
- Mitigation of Anti-Competitive Behaviour in Telecommunication Satellite Orbits and Management of Natural Monopolies 301
Thomas Green, Patrick Neumann, Kent Grey
- The “B&R Initiative” Provides Opportunities for China to Dominate Space Cooperation in Asia? - An Analysis of Legal Challenges 315
Mingyan Nie
- Regulatory Best Practices to Bridge the Digital Divide and Make Internet Access Available and Affordable for Everyone Using Non-Geostationary Satellite Constellations 331
Ruth Pritchard-Kelly

3. Integrated Space Applications: EO, Telecoms, Navigation
- Big Data Flow from Space to the EU: Open Access and Open Dissemination Policy vs. the Common European Data Space 343
Maria Elena de Maestri
- Space Applications for Agricultural Purposes: Relevant Legal Framework 359
Catherine Doldirina
- Earth Observation Data and Services – New Legal Issues 377
Ingo Baumann
- Privacy Law Issues Raised by Developing Satellite Usage: From a European Legal Perspective 391
Laura Keogh
- Legal Rights and Possibilities to Access Satellite Data for a Non-Member State of Space Community: Case of Republic of Serbia 397
Anja Nakarada Pecujlic, Marko Pajovic
- Intellectual Property of Satellite Images Analyzed by A.I. 413
Mihoko Shintani
- Working with the Japanese New Remote Sensing Data Act 425
Daisuke Saisho
- Intellectual Property Protection, a Financial Aspect of the ISS 441
Gabriella Catalano Sgrosso
- ITU Framework: A Model for an International Regime of Space Resources? 459
Mahulena Hofmann
- Transferring Rights Of Satellite Imagery And Data: Current Contract Practice and New Challenges 473
Jordi Sandalinas Baró

4. Space Law at UNISPACE +50: Consequences and Future Perspectives
- UNISPACE+50: Evolution of Long-Term Sustainability (LTS) Guidelines into Customary Legal Norms 489
Larry F. Martinez, James H. Armstead, Merve Erdem
- A Vital Artery or a Stent Needing Replacement? A Global Space Governance System without the Outer Space Treaty? 505
Ram S. Jakhu, Steven Freeland
- Legal Perspectives for the Further Development of the Five United Nations Treaties on Outer Space in Light of Rising Multistakeholderism 521
Martina Smuclerova
- UNISPACE +50: Time for the Moon Treaty 537
Dennis C. O'Brien
- Normative References to Non-Legally Binding Instruments in National Space Laws: A Risk-Benefit Analysis in the Context of Domestic and Public International Law 553
Alexander Soucek, Jenni Tapio
- International Legal Aspects on Sustainable Development of Outer Space Activities: Combine Safety and Effectiveness in the Long-Term 581
Irina Chernykh
- The Promotion of Space-Based Telemedicine via UNISPACE and Looking Ahead 597
Edward Burger
- Reflections on the International Legal Framework Governing Re-entry of Space Objects 605
Xiaodan Wu
- Evolving Norms on Pre-Launch Notifications of Space Launch Vehicles and Space Object Registration: A Historical Perspective in the Context of UNISPACE+50 Thematic Priority Three 615
Kazushi Kobata
- “Belt and Road” Space Information Corridor: and Challenges from Legal Perspectives 625
Kang Duan
- International Cooperation in Space Is Essential in Our Time 641
José Monserrat-Filho

5. The Relationship between Space Law and Cyberlaw, and other Recent Developments in Space Law
- Cyber Law and Outer Space (Activities): Legal and Regulatory Challenges 659
Rada Popova
- In Search of an International Public Order for Cyber Activities 671
Stefan A. Kaiser
- Identifying the Scope of the Applicable International Law Rules towards Malicious Cyber Activities against Space Assets 687
Setsuko Aoki
- That Escalated Quickly: The Cyber-ASAT Conundrum 701
P.J. Blount
- Artificial Intelligence and State Responsibility under the Outer Space Treaty 709
George Anthony Long
- Developments that Could Create a Fragmented Space Law Regime 719
Henry Hertzfeld
- Reconsidering Rules of Engagement in Outer Space 727
Roy Balleste
- The Moon Village Concept: A Legal Ramification 735
Stephan Hobe, Rada Popova
- What Are Space Resources? What Are Celestial Bodies? – The Need for Refined Legal Definitions in View of Recent Regulatory Efforts concerning Space Resources 749
Irmgard Marboe, Michael Friedl
- The Hague International Space Resources Governance Working Group: Third Progress Report 761
Tanja Masson-Zwaan, René Lefeber, Giuseppe Reibaldi, Dimitra Stefoudi

COLLOQUIUM REPORT
Report of the 61st IISL Colloquium on the Law of Outer Space 781
Dimitra Stefoudi, Gina Petrovici, Andrea Capurso, Antonino Salmeri, Simona Spassova, Kamlesh Brocard
Compiled and edited by P.J. Blount & R. Moro-Aguilar

33rd JOINT IAA-IISL SCIENTIFIC-LEGAL ROUNDTABLE
Global Cooperation in Planetary Defence
Report of the Roundtable 817
Nicola Rohner

JOINT IISL-IAF SESSION
Legal Framework for Collaborative Space Activities New Ways of Launching (Micro-Launching) and Large Constellation Microsats
- “Leviathan Lite” - Towards a Global Stewardship Organization for Space Domain Awareness, Conduct, and Remediation 823
Harrison E. Kearby, John M. Horack, Elizabeth K. Newton
- A New Approach to National Laws Aimed at Encouraging Small Satellites’ Space Activities 835
Helena Correia Mendonça, Magda Cocco, Cristina Melo Miranda
- The Principle of Non-Appropriation and the Exclusive Uses of LEO by Large Satellite Constellation 855
Yuri Takaya-Umehara, Quentin Verspieren, Goutham Karthikeyan
- Outer Space SARPs: A Step Towards Harmonization of National Regulations for the Enhancement of Sustainability of the Space Environment 867
Gilles Doucet
- Commercial OOS and Its Future: Policy and Legal Issues beyond Life Extension 879
Olga Stelmakh-Drescher, Ian Christensen, Joerg Kreisel
- Regulatory Aspects in Launch Services Contracts for Micro-Satellites - Successful Docking in Legal Space? 897
Kang Duan

INTERACTIVE PRESENTATIONS
- The Proposed Public Procurement for Projects to Enhance Industrial Capabilities through Japanese Lessons Learned 919
Mizuki Tani Hatakenaka
- Which Future for the “Global Commons”? 935
Kai-Uwe Schrogl
- Public Investment Law – a Tool to Secure NewSpace Financing? 943
Erik Pellander
- Developing and Adapting Space Law to Govern Long Term and Permanent Human Settlement of Outer Space, the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies 959
Thomas Cheney
- The Danger of Space Debris: Legal Issues and Solutions Associated with Active Debris Removal 977
Joanna Langlade
- Legislating Space – India’s 2021 Space Odyssey 987
Jai Sanyal
- Fledgling Polish Space Industry Ready for Lift-Off 995
Katarzyna Malinowska
- Global Space Governance: The Need to Adopt De-institutionalized Cooperation Models 1007
Jonathan Percivalle de Andrade
- Owning the Hosted Payload and International Space Law 1015
Akiko Watanabe
- Quantum Bits of Light: The Future of Satellite Quantum Key Distribution under Export Administration Regulations and the First Amendment of the United States Constitution 1031
Marshall McKellar
- Real-Time Challenges for the Registration Regime: Where to? 1051
Georgia-Eleni Exarchou, Yvonne Vastaroucha, Pelagia-Ioanna Ageridou, Iliana Griva

2018 IISL/ECSL SYMPOSIUM AT THE UNCOPUOS LEGAL SUBCOMMITTEE
The 50th Anniversary of the Rescue and Return Agreement: Relevance and Challenges
Report of the Symposium 1069
Thea Flem Dethlefsen, Heejeong Vicky Jeong, Antonino Salmeri

13th EILENE M. GALLOWAY SYMPOSIUM ON CRITICAL ISSUES IN SPACE LAW
(Washington D.C., United States, 5 December 2018)
Program of the Symposium 1079
Report of the Symposium 1081
Dennis Burnett, Nathan Johnson

27th MANFRED LACHS SPACE LAW MOOT COURT COMPETITION
Report of the 2018 Manfred Lachs Space Law Moot Court
Competition (Introduction, Case and Winning Memorials) 1087
Melissa K. Force

Author Index 1149