Extraction of Nuclear and Non-ferrous Metals

<p>Part I</p> <p>Extractive Metallurgy of Nuclear Metals</p> <p> </p> <p>Chapter 1            </p> <p>Fundamental of Nuclear Metallurgy</p> <p>1.1 Atomic Structure</p> <p>1.2 Isotopes</p> <p>1.3 Nuclear Binding Energy</p> <p>1.4 Radioactivity</p> <p>1.5 Rate of Radioactive Decay</p> <p>1.6 Neutron Reaction</p> <p>1.7 Cross-sections for Neutron Reactions</p> <p>1.8 Multiplication Factors</p> <p>1.9 Types of Reactor</p> 1.10 Nuclear Fuel and Breeding Reaction<p></p> <p>1.11 Cladding Materials</p> <p>1.12 Processing of Nuclear Metals</p> <p>                1.12.1 Separation Processes</p> <p>                1.12.2 Extraction Techniques</p> <p>1.13 Reprocessing of Irradiated Fuel</p> <p>                1.13.1 Cooling Irradiated Fuel Elements</p> <p>                1.13.2 Head-End Processes</p>                 1.13.3 Separations or Extraction Process<p></p> <p>1.14 Radiation Damage</p> <p>                1.14.1 Atomic Displacement</p> <p>                1.14.2 Temperature Spikes</p> <p>                1.14.3 Physical Effects of Radiation           </p> <p> </p> <p>Chapter 2</p> <p>Uranium</p> <p>2.1 Introduction</p> <p>2.2 Sources</p> <p>2.3 Extraction of U from ore</p>                 2.3.1 Acid Leaching<p></p> <p>                2.3.2 Ion Exchange Separation</p> <p>                2.3.3 Production of Reactor Grade Nitrate</p> <p>                2.3.4 Production of Uranium Dioxide</p> <p>                2.3.5 Metallothermic Reduction of Uranium Compounds</p> <p> </p> <p>2.4 High Purity U Metal</p> <p>2.5 Properties</p>  <p></p> <p>Chapter 3</p> <p>Plutonium</p> <p>3.1 Introduction</p> <p>3.2 Sources</p> <p>3.3 Extraction</p> <p>                3.3.1 Separation of Pu</p> <p>                3.3.2 Reduction to Pu Metal</p> <p>3.4 Extraction of Pu from Spent Fuel</p> <p>3.5 Properties</p> <p>3.6 Application</p> <p> </p> <p>Chapter 4</p> <p>Zirconium </p> <p>4.1 Introduction< </p><p>4.2 Sources</p> <p>4.3 Production of Zr</p> <p>4.3.1 Separation of Zr and Hf  </p> <p>                4.3.2 Preparation of Zr oxide</p> <p>                4.3.3 Production of Zr- tetrachloride</p> <p>                4.3.4 Reduction of ZrCl4  by Mg or Na</p> <p>4.4 Properties of Zr</p> <p>4.5 Application of Zr</p> <p> </p> <p>Chapter 5</p> <p>Hafnium</p> 5.1 Introduction<p></p> <p>5.2 Sources</p> <p>5.3 Extraction</p> <p>5.3.1 Separation of Zr and Hf</p> <p>                5.3.2 Preparation of HfO2</p> <p>                5.3.3 Production of Hf metal</p> <p>5.4 Properties of Hf</p> <p>5.5 Application of Hf</p> <p> </p> <p>Chapter 6</p> <p>Thorium</p> <p>6.1 Introduction</p> <p>6.2 Sources</p> <p>6.3 Extraction and Purification</p>                 6.3.1 Separation of Th Compound from  Monazite<p></p> <p>                6.3.2 Th Oxalate Formation</p> <p>                6.3.3 Chlorination of Th Oxalate</p> <p>                6.3.4 Purification of ThCl4 </p> <p>                6.3.5 Reduction of ThCl4 </p> <p>                6.3.6 Purification of Th</p> 6.4 Production of Thorium Powder<p></p> <p>6.5 Production of Massive Thorium Metal</p> <p>6.6 Properties</p> <p>6.7 Application</p> <p> </p> <p>Part II</p> <p>Extractive Metallurgy of Common Metals</p> <p>7 Copper</p> <p>8 Aluminum</p> <p>9 Zinc</p> <p>10 Lead</p> <p>11 Tin </p> <p>12 Magnesium </p> <p>13  Nickel </p> <p> </p> <p>Part III</p> <p>Extractive Metallurgy of Less Common/Ferro-Alloying Metals</p> <p>    Silicon</p> <p>    Manganese </p> <p>    Tungsten </p> <p>    Chromium </p> <p>    Vanadium </p> <p>    Molybdenum </p> <p>   Niobium and Tantalum </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p>Part IV</p> <p>Production of Ultra-High Purity Metals</p>