Wilms’ Tumor

The History of Renal Tumors in Children.- Epidemiology.- Genetics and Molecular Biology.- Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammatory Markers.- Syndromic Wilms’ Tumor.- Familial Non-Syndromic Wilms’ Tumor.- Pathology.- Clinical Presentation.- Laboratory Workup.- Imaging Studies.- Diagnostic Biopsy.- General Surgical Guidelines.- Nephron-Sparing Surgery.- Lymph Node Sampling.- Minimally Invasive Surgery.- Bench Surgery and Auto-Transplantation.- Anesthetic concerns.- Staging.- Systemic Chemotherapy.- Radiotherapy.- Novel Tumor Directed Interventions.- Wilms’ tumor in resource challenged nations.- Management of Resected Wilms’ Tumor with Unknown Staging Status.- Bilateral Wilms’ Tumor.- Wilms’ Tumor in Horseshoe Kidney and Solitary Kidney.- Very large tumors not responding to chemotherapy/locally infiltrating tumors.- Intravascular extension and tumor thrombosis.- Ureteral Extension.- Ruptured tumors.- Metastatic Wilms’ tumor.- Recurrent/ relapsed Wilms’ tumor.- Wilms’ Tumor in Less than 6-month-old Infants.- Wilms’ tumor in adults.- Nephrogenic rests and Nephroblastomatosis.- Extrarenal Wilms’ Tumor.- Complications of treatment.- Post-therapy surveillance of Wilms’ tumor survivors.- Prognosis and Outcomes.- Non-Wilms’ renal tumors.<p></p>

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