Lifetime Nutritional Influences on Cognition, Behaviour and Psychiatric Illness

<p>Contributor contact details</p> <p>Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science, Technology and Nutrition</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Part I: Nutritional influences on brain development</p> <p>Chapter 1: The effects of early diet on cognition and the brain</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>1.1 Introduction</p> <p>1.2 Nutrition, cognition and the brain: background considerations</p> <p>1.3 Research example – the preterm cohort</p> <p>1.4 Cognitive outcomes at different ages</p> <p>1.5 Imaging studies</p> <p>1.6 Issues raised by these studies</p> <p>1.7 Nutrition, cognition and brain relationships: some general considerations</p> <p>1.8 Suggestions for further research and sources of further information and advice</p> <p>Chapter 2: Influence of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) on cognitive and visual development</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>2.1 Introduction</p> <p>2.2 Structure, metabolism and general physiological functions of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)</p> <p>2.3 Placental transfer of PUFA and fetal lipid transport</p> <p>2.4 PUFA levels in human milk</p> <p>2.5 Significance of PUFAs in the development and function of brain and retina</p> <p>2.6 Significance of an adequate LC-PUFA supply for neonates and infants on cognitive and visual outcomes</p> <p>2.7 Potential consequences of PUFA deficiency or imbalances</p> <p>2.8 PUFA intake recommendations and supply situation</p> <p>2.9 Implications for the food industry, nutritionists and policy-makers</p> <p>2.10 Future trends</p> <p>2.13 Appendix: list of abbreviations</p> <p>Chapter 3: Zinc deficiency and cognitive development</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>3.1 Introduction</p> <p>3.2 Measurement of zinc status</p> <p>3.3 Implications for the food industry, nutritionists, and policy-makers</p> <p>3.4 Future trends</p> <p>3.5 Sources of further information and advice</p> <p>Chapter 4: Iron deficiency and cognitive development</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>4.1 Introduction</p> <p>4.2 Effects of iron deficiency on cognitive development</p> <p>4.3 Implications for the food industry, nutritionists, and policy-makers</p> <p>4.4 Future trends</p> <p>4.5 Sources of further information and advice</p> <p>Chapter 5: Iodine and cognitive development</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>5.1 An overview of iodine, thyroid hormones, and the consequences of iodine deficiency</p> <p>5.2 The effect of iodine deficiency on cognition</p> <p>5.3 Implications for the food industry, nutritionists and policy-makers</p> <p>5.4 Future trends</p> <p>5.5 Sources of further information and advice</p> <p>Part II: Diet, mood and cognition</p> <p>Chapter 6: Macronutrients and cognitive performance</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>6.1 Introduction</p> <p>6.2 The effects of meals on cognitive performance</p> <p>6.3 Carbohydrate and cognitive performance</p> <p>6.4 Macronutrients, stress and cognitive performance</p> <p>6.5 Implications for the food industry, nutritionists and policy-makers</p> <p>6.6 Future trends and opportunities for this research field</p> <p>6.7 Sources of further information and advice</p> <p>Chapter 7: Carbohydrate consumption, mood and anti-social behaviour</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>7.1 Introduction</p> <p>7.2 Carbohydrate metabolism and mood</p> <p>7.3 The incidence of hypoglycaemia</p> <p>7.4 Serotonin synthesis after the consumption of carbohydrate</p> <p>7.5 Anti-social behaviour and refined carbohydrate consumption</p> <p>7.6 Chocolate - macronutrients or palatability?</p> <p>7.7 Future trends</p> <p>7.8 Sources of further information and advice</p> <p>Chapter 8: Hydration and mental performance</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>8.1 Introduction</p> <p>8.2 Thirst and water intake regulation</p> <p>8.3 Cognition, mood, and hydration status</p> <p>8.4 Implications for the food industry, nutritionists, and policy-makers</p> <p>8.5 Future trends</p> <p>8.6 Sources of further information and advice</p> <p>Chapter 9: Vitamin status, cognition and mood in cognitively intact adults</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>9.1 Introduction</p> <p>9.2 Vitamin deficiency in developed societies</p> <p>9.3 Mechanisms of action of vitamins related to brain function</p> <p>9.4 Evidence from epidemiological studies</p> <p>9.5 Evidence from intervention studies</p> <p>9.6 Conclusions</p> <p>9.7 Implications for the food industry, nutritionists and policy-makers</p> <p>9.8 Future trends</p> <p>9.9 Sources of further information and advice</p> <p>Chapter 10: Caffeine, mood and cognition</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>10.1 Introduction</p> <p>10.2 Background – caffeine intake and its physiological effects</p> <p>10.3 Caffeine reinforcement</p> <p>10.4 The alerting and psychomotor effects of caffeine – net benefit or withdrawal reversal?</p> <p>10.5 Caffeine and anxiety</p> <p>10.6 Caffeine (tea and coffee) consumption and risk of cognitive decline</p> <p>10.7 Conclusions and future trends: implications for the food industry, nutritionists and policy-makers</p> <p>10.8 Sources of further information and advice</p> <p>10.9 Acknowledgements</p> <p>Chapter 11: Neurocognitive effects of herbal extracts</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>11.1 Introduction</p> <p>11.2 Ginkgo biloba</p> <p>11.3 Ginseng</p> <p>11.4 Bacopa monnieri</p> <p>11.5 Salvia</p> <p>11.6 Melissa officinalis</p> <p>11.7 Guaraná</p> <p>11.8 Flavonoids</p> <p>11.9 Conclusions and future trends</p> <p>III: Nutritional infl uences on behavioural problems, psychiatric illness and cognitive decline associated with ageing</p> <p>Chapter 12: Malnutrition and externalizing behaviour</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>12.1 Introduction</p> <p>12.2 Dietary influences on externalizing behaviour</p> <p>12.3 Implications for the food industry, nutritionists, and policy-makers</p> <p>12.4 Future trends</p> <p>12.5 Sources of further information and advice</p> <p>Chapter 13: The role of nutrition and diet in learning and behaviour of children with symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>13.1 Overview of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)</p> <p>13.2 Nutrition and the brain</p> <p>13.3 Nutrients and ADHD</p> <p>13.4 Botanicals</p> <p>13.5 Multi-ingredient formulations</p> <p>13.6 Food intolerance</p> <p>13.7 Conclusions</p> <p>13.8 Implications for the food industry, nutritionists and policy-makers</p> <p>13.9 Future trends</p> <p>13.10 Sources of further information and advice</p> <p>Chapter 14: Vitamin status and psychiatric disorders</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>14.1 Introduction</p> <p>14.2 Homocysteine</p> <p>14.3 Dementia and homocysteine</p> <p>14.4 Vitamin B1</p> <p>14.5 Niacin</p> <p>14.6 Vitamin B6</p> <p>14.7 Vitamin B12</p> <p>14.8 Anti-oxidants, micronutrients and the oxidative stress hypothesis of ageing</p> <p>14.9 Future trends</p> <p>14.10 Sources of further information and advice</p> <p>Chapter 15: Antioxidants, diet, polyphenols and dementia</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>15.1 Introduction</p> <p>15.2 Antioxidants and diet approach for cognitive functioning and dementia</p> <p>15.3 Brain targets and sources of polyphenols</p> <p>15.4 Summary of the classification of polyphenols</p> <p>15.5 Important polyphenols with neuoroprotective potential</p> <p>15.6 Conclusions</p> <p>15.7 Future trends</p> <p>Chapter 16: Vitamin D, cognitive function, and mental health</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>16.1 Introduction</p> <p>16.2 The epidemic of vitamin D insufficiency - sources of vitamin D intake, epidemiology</p> <p>16.3 Vitamin D action on the brain</p> <p>16.4 Cognition</p> <p>16.5 Vitamin D in dementia and Parkinson's disease</p> <p>16.6 Vitamin D and depression, bipolar illness, and schizophrenia</p> <p>16.7 The diagnosis and treatment of vitamin D insufficiency</p> <p>16.8 Future trends</p> <p>16.9 Sources of further information and advice</p> <p>Chapter 17: Caloric intake, dietary lifestyles, macronutrient composition and dementia</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>17.1 Introduction</p> <p>17.2 Obesity and the metabolic syndrome in Alzheimer's disease (AD)</p> <p>17.3 Calorie intake and caloric restriction</p> <p>17.4 The role of insulin in AD</p> <p>17.5 Hypertension and AD</p> <p>17.6 The link between dietary choices and AD</p> <p>17.7 Conclusions and future trends</p> <p>17.8 Sources of further information and advice</p> <p>Chapter 18: Fatty acids and schizophrenia</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>18.1 Introduction</p> <p>18.2 Tissue levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids in patients with schizophrenia</p> <p>18.3 Treatment studies with omega-3 fatty acids in schizophrenia</p> <p>18.4 The importance of diet for physical health in schizophrenia</p> <p>18.5 Recommended programme of assessment and intervention</p> <p>18.6 Further research</p> <p>Chapter 19: Fatty acids, depression and suicide</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>19.1 Introduction</p> <p>19.2 Essential fatty acids (EFAs)</p> <p>19.3 EFAs and depression</p> <p>19.4 EFAs and post-natal depression (PND)</p> <p>19.5 EFAs and bipolar disorder (BD)</p> <p>19.6 EFAs and suicide</p> <p>19.7 Personality factors associated with suicide</p> <p>19.8 Future trends</p> <p>19.9 Implications for practice</p> <p>19.10 Sources of further information and advice</p> <p>Chapter 20: Fatty acid intake and cognitive decline</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>20.1 Introduction</p> <p>20.2 Epidemiological link between dietary fats and cognitive decline</p> <p>20.3 Omega-3 fatty acids metabolism and risk of cognitive decline</p> <p>20.4 Implications for the food industry, nutritionists and policy-makers</p> <p>20.5 Future trends for better cognition</p> <p>20.6 Sources of further information and advice</p> <p>Index</p>