Restocking and Stock Enhancement of Marine Invertebrate Fisheries

1. Introduction<br>2. Restocking Initiatives<br>2.1 Giant Clams<br>2.2 Topshell<br>2.3 Sea Cucumbers<br>3. Stock Enhancement Initiatives<br>3.1 Scallops<br>3.2 Other Bivalves<br>3.3 Abalone <br>3.4 Queen Conch <br>3.5 Shrimps<br>3.6 Spiny Lobsters<br>3.7 Lobsters <br>3.8 Sea Urchins <br>4. Overview and Progress Towards a Responsible Approach<br>4.1 Restocking Initiatives<br>4.2 Stock Enhancement Initiatives<br>5. Lessons Learned<br>5.1 Lessons for Restocking<br>5.2 Lessons for Stock Enhancement<br>5.3 Lessons for both Restocking and Stock Enhancement<br>6. Management of Restocking and Stock<br>Enhancement<br>6.1 Information to Evaluate the Need for Restocking<br>6.2 Management of Restocking<br>6.3 Information to Evaluate the Need for Stock<br>Enhancement<br>6.4 Management of Stock Enhancement<br>6.5 Measures to Optimize Social and Financial Benefits of Restocking and Stock Enhancement<br>6.6 Independent Assessments <br>7. Other Important Considerations for all Initiatives<br>7.1 Measuring Success<br>7.2 Genetic Considerations<br>7.3 Disease risks<br>7.4 Other Environmental Impacts<br>Conclusions<br>8.1 Achievements<br>8.2 The Responsible Approach<br>8.3 The Way Forward<br>8.4 Future Research <br>8.5 Summary Remarks<br>Acknowledgements<br><br>References<br>Appendix