Contents <p style="MARGIN: 0px">1 The Prehistory of Rock & Roll 2</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> Section 1 What Were the First Influences of Rock & Roll? 4</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Mongrel Genealogy: The Ancestors of Rock & Roll 4</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">A Sheet-Music Economy and a New Mass-Market 4</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The “Golden Age” of Tin Pan Alley: 1920s and 1930s 5</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Section 2 How Did New Technologies Influence Musical Styles? 6</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Technological Breakthroughs Create a New Audience 6</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Recording Takes Hold 6</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> Rock Places: Black Swan Records 6</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Popular Music and the National Scene 7</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Rock Technology: Electrical Recording 7</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Section 3 What Musical Styles Prefigured Rock & Roll? 8</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Jazz Craze 8</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Swing Bands Get in the Mood 9</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Major Swing Bands and Bandleaders 9</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Flashpoints: Issues in Rock 9</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Race Records and the Blues 10</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Surprise Hits Find a Market 10</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Country Blues 11</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">“Classic” Blues and the Smoother Sound 12</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Section 4 How Did Crossover Hits Pave the Way for Rock & Roll? 13</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Blues Goes Electric 13</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Folk Begins with the Depression 13</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Woody Guthrie 13</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Top of the Charts: What’s Hot! August 11, 1945 13</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Urban Folk: From Guthrie to Seeger 14</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Classic Recordings: “Goodnight Irene,” The Weavers (written by Lead Belly) 14</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Beginning of Country 15</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Carter Family 15</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Hybrid Styles: Western Swing and Country-Lite 16</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Bluegrass and Instrumental Proficiency 17</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Rhythm & Blues 18</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Rock People: Louis Jordan 18</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Women and Rhythm & Blues 19</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Post-war Crossovers Become Rock & Roll 19</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">2 The “Birth” of Rock & Roll (1951—1955) 23</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Section 1 Where Did Rock & Roll Come From? 24</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The History of the Term 24</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Evolution of Rock & Roll 25</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">1950s America: A Changing Country 25</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">A Changing Music 26</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Rock Technology: The 45 26</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Section 2How Did Rock & Roll First Emerge in the United States? 27</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The First Rock & Roll Records 27</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> “I’ve Got a Woman”: Gospel Meets R&B 27</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Classic Recordings: “I Got a Woman” 28</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> “Good Rockin’ Tonight”: R&B Meets the Party Animal 28</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> “Rocket ’88”: Rock & Roll Meets the Automobile 28</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> The First Rock & Roll Singers 29</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Fabulous Little Richard 29</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Chuck Berry Plays, Sings, and Duck Walks 30</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Rock Place: Sun Studio 31</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Top of the Charts: What’s Hot! 1956 32</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Elvis Aaron Presley 32</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Flashpoints: Issues in Rock 34</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Royalties and Rights 34</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Jerry Lee Lewis 35</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Carl Perkins 36</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> Classic Recordings: “That’s All Right”/”Blue Moon of Kentucky” 37</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Section 3 How Was Rock & Roll Marketed? 37</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Selling the Music 37</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">AM Radio 37</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Alan Freed: Finding the Audience 37</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">DJ Dewey Phillips: Finding the Talent 38</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Rock People: “Colonel” Tom Parker: Selling the Superstar 39</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">3 The Establishment Strikes Back (1954—1960) 43</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Section 1 How Did Rock & Roll Divide the Generations? 44</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Rock Gets Its First “Black Eye” 44</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Blackboard Jungle 44</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Teenage National Anthem 45</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Top of the Charts: Billboard Top 100, July 9, 1955 46</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Section 2 What Effect Did Scandals Have on Rock? 46</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Another “Black Eye” for Rock: ASCAP vs. BMI 46</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> The Payola Scandal 48</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Alan Freed and Dick Clark 48</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Flashpoint: Issues in Rock 48</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The End of Payola 50</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Section 3 In What Other Ways Was Rock Music Attacked in the 1950s? 51</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Attack of the Musical Mainstream 51</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Plan of Attack 51</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Classic Recordings: Let’s All Sing with the Chipmunks by Alvin and the Chipmunks 52</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Rock & Roll and the Red Scare 52</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Rock Places: Washington, D.C. 53</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Section 4 What Nearly Killed Rock & Roll? 54</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Domestication and the Near Death of Rock Music 54</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> Elvis Presley Meets Television 54</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Classic Recordings: Elvis Presley by Elvis Presley 55</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> “Clean Teens” in Film 56</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Rock’s Deathbed 56</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Jerry Lee Lewis 56</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Rock Technology: Jukebox 57</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Day the Music Died 57</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Rock People: Buddy Holly 58</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Rock on Hiatus 59</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> </p> 4 American Bandstand, Teen Idols, and Race Lines (1957—1961) 63 <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Section 1 How Did White Cover Artists “Hijack” Records by African American Artists? 64</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Cover Versions 64</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Hijacking Hits 64</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Pat Boone 65</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Bill Haley 65</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Implications of White-Bread Pop 65</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Flashpoints: Issues in Rock 66</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Squeaky-Clean Teen Idols 66</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">American Bandstand 67</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Rock People: Dick Clark 68</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Section 2 What Was the Impact of Teen Idols? 69</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Teen Idols 69</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Brill Building Bunch 69</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Top of the Charts: Billboard Hot 100 1959 69</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Musical Families 70</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Section 3 What Were the Early Influences of Surf Music? 70</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Surfing U.S.A. 70</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Early Surf 71</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Rock Technology: The Fender Stratocaster, Fender Amp, and Fender Reverb Unit 71</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Section 4 How Did Motown Originate? 72</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">R&B Lives On 72</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">[huck Berry 72</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Little Richard 72</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Etta James 3 73</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Classic Albums: At Last! by Etta James 73</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Doo-wop 74</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">One-Hit Wonder Groups 74</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Beginnings of Motown 75</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Sound of Young America 76</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Rock Places: Detroit 76</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Supremes 77</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Temptations 77</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Four Tops 78</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Martha and the Vandellas 79</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Jackson Five 79</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">5 Changin’ Times (1962—1966) 83</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">]What Is Folk Music? 84</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Folk’s Roots 84</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Folk Crosses the Color Line 84</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Folk Gets Political 85</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Woody Guthrie 85</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Pete Seeger 85</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Kingston Trio 86</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Classic Recordings: Time to Think by the Kingston Trio 86</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">How Did the Spirit of the 1960s Change Folk Music? 87</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Folk Revival of the 1960s 87</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Dylan Embraces Folk 87</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Rock Places: Greenwich Village, New York City 88</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Dylan and the Civil Rights Movement 88</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Rock People: John Hammond 89</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Joan Baez 89</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Classic Recordings: I Ain’t Marching Anymore by Phil Ochs 90</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Lighter Side of Folk 91</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Meanwhile, at the Beach 91</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Top of the Charts: What’s Hot! September 4, 1965 91</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Jan and Dean 92</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Beach Boys 92</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Classic Recordings: Surfer Girl by the Beach Boys 93</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Hot-Rod Music 93</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Section 3 How Did Folk Music Influence Emerging Rock & Roll Genres? 94</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Folk Collides with Rock 94</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Flashpoints–Issues in Rock: Dylan Plugs In 94</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Dylan and the Brits 95</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Byrds 95</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Turtles 96</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Simon and Garfunkel 96</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Rise of the Singer-Songwriter 97</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Rock Technology: The Harmonica Neck Rack 97</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Canadian Invasion 97</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Rock Before the Invasion 99</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> </p> 6 The British Invasion (1964—1966) 103 <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> Section 1 How Did British Bands Influence Rock in the 1960s? 104</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Skiffle Craze 104</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Merseybeat 104</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Beatles and Beatlemania 105</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Rock Places: Liverpool 105</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Origins of the Beatles 106</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Brian Epstein 106</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Rock People: George Martin 107</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Road to America 107</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Top of the Charts: Billboard Hot 100 April 4, 1964 108</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> British Invasion Bands of the First Wave 109</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Rolling Stones 109</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Classic Albums: Rubber Soul by the Beatles, Aftermath by the Rolling Stones 111</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Kinks 112</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Who 112</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Rock Technology: The Stereo LP 113</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Animals 114</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Herman’s Hermits 114</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Zombies 115</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Yardbirds 115</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Individual Performers 116</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Petula Clark 116</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Dusty Springfield 116</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Donovan 117</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Section 2 What Was the American Reaction to the British Invasion? 118</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Colonies Fight Back! 118</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Flashpoints: Issues in Rock 118</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Gary Lewis and the Playboys 118</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Paul Revere and the Raiders 119</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Monkees 119</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Section 3 What Ended the British Invasion? 119</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">7 The Summer of Love and Psychedelic Rock (1967—1969) 123</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Section 1 How Did the Hippie Movement Influence Rock Music in the Late 1960s? 124</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> Rock’s Alliance with the Counterculture 124</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> Hippie Opposition to the Vietnam War 124</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">[Section 2] What Patterns Emerge when Comparing the Leading Bands of the 1960s? 125</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Grateful Dead 125</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Grateful Dead Live 125</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Jefferson Airplane 126</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Rock Places: San Francisco 126</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Moby Grape 127</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Janis Joplin 127</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> Jimi Hendrix 128</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Doors 129</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Classic Albums: The Doors by the Doors 129</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Love 130</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Frank Zappa 130</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Rock People: Bill Graham 131</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">13th Floor Elevators 131</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Pink Floyd 132</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Rock Technology: Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) 132</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Section 3 How Did Music Festivals Define the Hippie Era? 133</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Rock and the Counterculture 133</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Top of the Charts: What’s Hot! November 16, 1968 133</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Festivals 133</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Human Be-In 133</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Monterey International Pop Music Festival 133</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Isle of Wight Festivals 133</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Woodstock Music & Art Fair 134</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Flashpoints: Issues in Rock — The 27 Club 135</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Altamont Speedway Free Festival 136</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Section 4 How Did the Rise of Studio Craft Change Rock Music? 137</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Rise of Studio Craft 137</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> Pet Sounds 137</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band 138</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> A British Blues Revival and Folk Goes Electric 138</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers 139</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Cream 139</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> Spencer Davis Group and Traffic 139</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> Fairport Convention and Pentangle 139</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> </p> 8 Sirens, Soul Singers, and Sellouts (1967—1975) 143 <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Section I What Were the Musical Responses Produced by the Social Crises of the Late 1960s? 144</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Protest Versus Soft Rock 144</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Easy Listening Artists 144</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Section 2 Who Took Part in the Soul Revival? 146</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Soul Revival Takes Flight 146</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Wattstax Music Festival 146</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Riding on the Soul Train 146</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Aretha Franklin 147</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Rock Places: Philadelphia 147</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Section 3 What Were the Early Influences of Glam Rock? 148</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Origins of Glam 148</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Velvet Underground 148</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">David Bowie 149 </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Flashpoints: Issues in Rock — Rock as Performance Art 149</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Marc Bolan 150</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Mott the Hoople 150</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Rock People: Iggy Pop 150</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Queen 151</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Elton John 151</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Section 4 What Led to the Rise of Heavy Metal and Progressive Rock? 152</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Rise of Heavy Metal 152</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Led Zeppelin 152</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Classic Albums: Led Zeppelin IV 153</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Black Sabbath 153</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Deep Purple 154</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Progressive Rock 155</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Progressive Rock and Art Rock 155</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Yes 156</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Genesis 156</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Emerson, Lake and Palmer 157</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Pink Floyd 157</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Top of the Charts: What’s Hot! April 28<sup>th</sup>, 1973 157</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Mike Oldfield 158</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Stadium Rock 158</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Bruce Springsteen: The Future of Rock & Roll? 159</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Rock Technology: Multitrack Recording 159</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">9 Disco, Punk & New Wave: Strange Bedfellows (1973—1979) 163</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Section 1 How Did Disco Change the Music Scene during the 1970s? 164</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Disco Dances In164</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Producers164</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Dancing and Disco164</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Donna Summer: Queen of Disco165</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Chic165</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Barry White: The Sultan of Soul165</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Rock Places: Studio 54 166</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Saturday Night Fever, Hitmaker167</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Village People168</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Flashpoints: Issues in Rock — Disco vs. Rock & Roll 168</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Section 2 What Were the Origins of the Punk Movement in American Musical Culture? 169</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Punk Pre-History169</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Iggy Pop and the Stooges 169</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Motor City Five (MC5)170</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Velvet Underground170</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The New York Dolls171</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Section 3 Where Did Punk Begin? 171</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">New York City171</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Rock People: Patti Smith 171</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> The Ramones 172</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">London172</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Sex Pistols173</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Classic Albums: Never Mind the Bollocks, Here’s the Sex Pistols by the Sex Pistols 173</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Clash174</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Top of the Charts: What’s Hot! April 1, 1978 175</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Section 4 How Did New Wave Emerge from the Death of Punk? 176</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">New Wave Rears Its Head176</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Classic Albums: My Aim is True by Elvis Costello 176</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Public Image Limited (PiL)176</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Gang of Four177</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">X-Ray Spex 177</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> The Slits177</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Au Pairs177</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Joy Division178</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Rock Technology: Do It Yourself (DIY) Technology 178</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Jam178</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Tom Verlaine, Richard Hell, and Television 179</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">New Wave Goes Full Circle179</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">10 New Wave & Synth Pop (1977—1987) 183</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Section 1 How Did Punk’s Destructive Focus Create New Options for Later Musicians? 184</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">New Wave Takes Shape 184</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">New Wave in New York 185</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Blondie and Television 185</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Rock People: Hilly Kristal 186</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Section 2 What Role Did Britain Play in Crafting the New Wave Sound? 187</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The British Post-Pistols 187</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Elvis Costello 187</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">British Successes, Punk Holdouts, and New Wave 188</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Top of the Charts: What’s Hot! 1977 188</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Pure Pop in Britain and the United States 189</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Synth Pop 190</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Synthetic Dreams 190</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Welcome to the Machine 191</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Rock Technology: The Synthesizer 192</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Die Mensch Maschine: Kraftwerk 193</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Rock Places: Berlin 193</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Ultravox 194</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Section 3 What Was the Place of Dance Music in Postpunk and New Wave? 195</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Dance Pop: What Have I Done to Deserve This? 195</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Classic Album: Pet Shop Boys, Actually 195</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Section 4 How Did MTV Change the Way that Music Was Received? 196</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">I Want My MTV 196</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Video Made the TV Star 196</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Video Kills the Radio Star 197</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Flashpoints: Did Video Kill Rock? 197</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> The Band with a Thorn in its Side: The Smiths 198</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Formation and Initial Success 198</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Morrissey’s Controversial Sexuality 199</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">11 Alternative Rock (1982-1987) 203</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Section 1 How Did Alternative Rock Get the Word Out? 204</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Alternative Rock’s Three Trajectories 204</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Punk Attitude 204</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">College Radio 205</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Indie Rock 205</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">U2: Band of the 1980s and Today 205</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Rise to Stardom 205</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Politics and Popularity 206</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> R.E.M.: Kings of College Rock 207</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Michael Stipe: Breaking the Rock Star Mold 207</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Classic Albums: Fables of the Reconstruction by R.E.M. 207</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Cashing In or Selling Out? 208</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Rock Places: Athens, Georgia 208</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Selling Albums without Selling Out: Bruce Springsteen209</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Section 2 How Did the Rock Underground Influence Rock during the 1980s? 209</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">American Hardcore Shakes Up the Musical Underground 209</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Sonic Youth: Breaking the Noise Barrier 209</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Bad Brains: Fusion Punk210</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Top of the Charts: What’s Hot! August 8, 1987211</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Teen Idles Kick Off a Movement211</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Minor Threat: Breaking the Age Limit211</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Fugazi Takes the Baton212</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Black Flag Declares War213</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Rock Technology: The Van213</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> The Minutemen214</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Husker Dü215</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> England’s Alternative to Alternative Rock216</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Kate Bush: Literary Pop216</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Classic Album: Hounds of Love by Kate Bush217</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Bauhaus Goes Goth217</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Cure217</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Section 3 How Did Alternative Rock Try to Change the World? 218</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Rock Benefit Concert218</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Rock People: Sir Bob Geldof 218</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Live Aid, Farm Aid, and Band Aid 218</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Flashpoints: Issues in Rock — Rock with a Purpose 219</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">12 American Punk: The Second Wave (1987—1994) 223</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Section 1 What Elements Did Grunge Borrow from Punk Rock to Make a New Musical Genre? 224</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Beginnings of a Seattle Scene 224</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Hardcore Punk and Grunge 224</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Source of Inspiration: The Pixies 225</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Abrasive and Melodic 225</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Alternative Precursors: The Butthole Surfers 226</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Section 2 What Were the Most Important Bands that Grew Out of the Seattle Scene? 226</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Seattle Goes Subterranean 226</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Early Seattle Bands 227</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Melvins 227</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Soundgarden 227</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Green River and Mudhoney 228</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Rock People: Bruce Pavitt and Jonathan Poneman (Sub Pop Records) 228</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Nirvana 229</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Nevermind the Labels 229</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Classic Albums: Nirvana’s Nevermind 230</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">In Utero and Cobain’s Suicide 230</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Top of the Charts: What’s Hot! — November 6, 1993 230</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Pearl Jam 231</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Pearl Jam vs. Nirvana 231</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Vedder and the Media 231</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Section 3 How Were Other Simultaneous Movements Affected by Grunge? 232</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Riot Grrrls 232</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Rock Places: Olympia, Washington 232</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Bikini Kill 233</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Other Seattle Riots 234</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Oregon Grrrls 234</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Courtney Love and Hole 235</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">L7 236</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Huggy Bear 236</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Flashpoints in Rock: Huggy Bear and the Barbi Twins on the BBC 236</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Babes in Toyland 236</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Slacker Rock 237</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Pavement 237</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Beck 237</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Britpop 238</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Oasis 238</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Rock Technology: The MP3 238</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Blur 239</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Pulp 239</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">13 Hip-Hop and Rap (1973- ) 243</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Section 1 How Did Hip Hop Get Its Start? 244</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">What is Hip Hop? 244</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> “The Godfather” of Hip Hop and Hip Hop’s Beginnings 244</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Old-School Hip Hop (c. 1979-1984) 245</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Rock Places: South Bronx 246</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Section 2 How Did Hip Hop Gain Mainstream Recognition? 246</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Mainstream Recognition for Hip Hop 246</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">New-School Hip Hop (c. 1983)246</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Rock Technology: “Two Turntables and a Microphone” and “The Wheels of Steel” 247</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Rap’s Golden Age (late 1980s-early 1990s) 248</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Classic Albums: Fear of a Black Planet by Public Enemy 248</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Section 3 What Are The Different Branches of Hip Hop and Rap? 250</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Gangsta Rap250</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> Ice-T250</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">N.W.A, Straight Outta Compton (1988) 251</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Snoop Doggy Dogg252</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> Cypress Hill252</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Tupac Shakur (a.k.a. 2Pac)252</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> East Coast Figures253</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Notorious B.I.G.253</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Flashpoints: Issues in Rock — The Murder of Tupac Shakur 253</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Jay-Z254</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">House of Pain254</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Wu-Tang Clan254</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Top of the Charts: What’s Hot! November 28, 1998 254</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Rock People: Sean “Puffy” Combs 255</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> Pop Rap255</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince255</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> MC Hammer255</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> Vanilla Ice256</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> Marky Mark and the Funky Bunch256</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> Salt-n-Pepa256</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> From Between the Coasts256</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> Atlanta Hip Hop256</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> The Midwest and New Orleans257</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> Across the Atlantic258</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> Trip Hop258</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> Rap Rock, Rap Metal, and Rapcore259</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">14 Smooth Sounds, Slick Packaging: The Persistence of Pop (1994—) 263</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Section 1 Why Was 1994 an Important Year in the History of Rock Music? 264</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Death of Rock & Roll?264</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">1994: Woodstock’s 25th Anniversary 264</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Did the Death of Kurt Cobain Equal the Death of Rock?266</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> Since 1994: Three Main Streams in Rock & Roll266</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Domestication of Rock & Roll266</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Madonna 267</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Rock Technology: Pro-Tools and Music Editing in the Recording Studio 267</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Section 2 How Have Girl Groups and Boy Bands Influenced the History of Rock? 268</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Girl Groups268</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Occasional Revivals of the Girl Group268</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Spice Girls269</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Destiny’s Child270</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Classic Albums: Survivor by Destiny’s Child 270</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> Britney Spears271</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Christina Aguilera271</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Jessica Simpson272</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Flashpoints: Issues in Rock — Lip-Synching 272</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Boy Bands273</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Backstreet Boys273</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">N Sync273</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Rock People: Lou Pearlman 274</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">98 Degrees275</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Top of the Charts: What’s Hot! 1999 275</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Westlife276</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> The Pop Idol Phenomenon276</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> Simon Cowell277</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Section 3 How Has Rock & Roll Been Changed by Aggressive Marketing to Younger Audiences? 278</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Disneyfication of Pop Rock278</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Miley Cyrus278</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Jonas Brothers278</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Rock Places: Los Angeles 279</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The High School Musical Franchise279</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> </p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">15 Hyphenated-Rock & Explorations of the Postmodern Self (1994—) 283</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Section 1 How Did a New Generation Update Some Older Styles of Rock & Roll?284</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Progressive Rock, Reborn284</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Radiohead284</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Coldplay285</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Godspeed You! Black Emperor285</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Rock Places: Oxford, UK286</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Sigur Rós286</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">TV on the Radio287</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Classic Albums: Return to Cookie Mountain by TV on the Radio287</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Neo-Psychedelia288</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Dandy Warhols288</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Flaming Lips289</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Section 2 How Did Rock & Roll Become Even More Personal?289</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Emo: The New Confessionalism289</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Pop Successes291</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Top of the Charts: What’s Hot! — October 8, 2005291</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Flashpoints: Issues in Rock — Selling Out292</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Section 3 How Does Rock & Roll Continue to Update Itself?293</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Nü Metal293</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Tool294</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Rage Against the Machine294</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Godsmack294</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Classic Albums: Evil Empire by Rage Against the Machine295</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Korn295</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Rock People: Marilyn Manson296</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> Slipknot296</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> Linkin Park297</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> Garage Rock Revival297</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> The White Stripes297</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Strokes298</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Babyshambles298</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Arctic Monkeys298</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">The Yeah Yeah Yeahs298</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Defying All Categories: PJ Harvey299</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> </p> 16 Remix Culture 303 <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Section 1 What Is the Role of Appropriation in Popular Music? 304</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Remixes and Mashups304</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Visual Predecessors304</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Fair Use305</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Beg, Borrow, and Steal: The Legacy of Appropriation in Popular Music306</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> Cover Songs306</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Section 2 What Was the Impact of the Digital Sampler? 307</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">A Little Bit of This, a Little Bit of That: Sampling307</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Sampling in Hip-Hop307</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Sampling in Electronica308</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Jailhouse Rock: Legal Roadblocks to Sampling308</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">What Price Beats?309</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Rock Technology: The MP3 310</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Section 3 What Was Napster and How Did It Affect Digital Distribution? 311</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">iPod People311</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Digital Distribution311</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Rock People: Shawn Fanning 312</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Mashups313</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Classic Albums: The Grey Album by Danger Mouse/ Feed the Animals by Girl Talk 315</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">This One’s on Me: More Free Digital Distribution316</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Mix Tapes to iPod Playlists316</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Top of the Charts: What’s Hot! September 19, 2009 316</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Music Festivals316</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">A Return to the 1970s?317</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Flashpoints: Issues in Rock — RIAA Lawsuits 317</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Rock Places: Your Parents’ Basement 318</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px">Activate Star Power: Rock Band and Guitar Hero319</p> <p style="MARGIN: 0px"> The Rock Nation319</p>