Tinnitus: Pathophysiology and Treatment

Foreword<br>General introduction<br>Tinnitus: Presence and future<br>Consensus statements: <br><br>SECTION I PATHOPHYSIOLOGY<br>1. Genetics of chronic tinnitus<br>2. The role of neural plasticity in tinnitus<br>3. Pathophysiology of tinnitus<br>4. Applications of magnetic resonance spectroscopy to tinnitus research:<br>5. Abnormal FMRI activation in the auditory midbrain of people with tinnitus<br>6. Functional imaging of chronic tinnitus: the use of positron emission tomography<br>7. The sound of silence - decrypting the neural code of tinnitus<br>8. Tinnitus and Pain ? similarities and differences<br><br>SECTION II ANIMAL MODELS<br>1. The role of the dorsal cochlear nucleus<br>2. Neural mechanisms underlying somatic tinnitus<br>3. Behavioral tests for the detection of tinnitus in animals<br>4. Role of cochlear NMDA receptors in salicylate induced tinnitus<br><br>SECTION III EPIDEMIOLOGY<br>1. Tinnitus, hyperacusis, sound annoyance and loudness hypersensitivity in children<br>2. Classification and epidemiology of tinnitus<br><br>SECTION IV DIAGNOSIS AND EVALUATION OF TINNITUS<br>1.Clinical diagnosis of tinnitus<br>2. Evoked potentials in diagnosis of tinnitus.<br>3. Myofascial trigger points: another way of modulating tinnitus<br>4. Can somatic testing identify subjects whose tinnitus can be suppressed by specific treatments?<br>5. Assessment of temporomandibular joint disorders and cervical muscular dysbalance in tinnitus patients<br>6. Tinnitus severity, depression and personality<br>7. Insomnia in Tinnitus patients<br><br>SECTION V TREATMENT<br>Tinnitus treatment - State of the Art<br>A. Drug treatment of tinnitus<br>1. Pharmacological treatment of tinnitus<br>2. Intratympanic drugs for the treatment of tinnitus<br>3. Accamprosate <br>4. Zinc <br>5. Aprazolam<br>6. Gabapentin<br>7. Misoprostol<br>8. Botox<br>9. Antioxidants, metals, vitamins and herbal remedies in tinnitus therapy<br>B. Hearing Devices<br>1. Hearing aids for the treatment of Tinnitus<br>2. Implantable Hearing aids for the treatment of Tinnitus<br>3. Cochlea Implants<br>C. Electrical and magnetic stimulation<br>1. TMS for treatment of chronic tinnitus - clinical effects<br>2. TMS for treatment of chronic tinnitus - neurobiological effects<br>3. Electrical brain stimulation for tinnitus<br>4. TENS for treatment of Tinnitus<br>D. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy<br>1. Tinitus Retraining Therapy<br>2. Auditory and visual attention process training for tinnitus treatment<br>3. An extinction training for tinnitus<br>4. Auditory discrimination therapy (adt) for tinnitus management: clinical trial<br>5. Neurofeedback for treating tinnitus<br><br>Section VI ASSESSMENTS OF TREATMENT RESULTS<br>1. Considerations for the design of clinical trials for tinnitus<br>2. Randomized, double blind studies<br>3. Tinnitus assessment instruments<br>