Islam – History, Religion, and Politics 3e

<p>Foreword ix</p>
<p>Preface xi</p>
<p>Maps xiii</p>
<p>1 Many Paths to One God: Establishing the Ideals 1</p>
<p>The Quran 1</p>
<p>The Quran and Other Scriptures 7</p>
<p>Themes of the Quran 12</p>
<p>The Exemplary Life of Muhammad, Prophet of Islam:</p>
<p>The Sunna 21</p>
<p>The Early Muslim Community and the Pillars of Islam 24</p>
<p>The Successors ( Caliphs ) 27</p>
<p>Early Communal Disputes 29</p>
<p>Conclusion 31</p>
<p>2 The Pursuit of Knowledge in the Service of God and Humanity: The Golden Age 34</p>
<p>Institutions 35</p>
<p>Law 36</p>
<p>Political Structure 43</p>
<p>Cultural Achievements 45</p>
<p>Spirituality and the Mystical Tradition: Sufism 54</p>
<p>Conclusion 68</p>
<p>3 Division and Reorganization 71</p>
<p>The Crusades and Other Disasters 71</p>
<p>The Decline of the Abbasids and Rise of the Ottomans 77</p>
<p>Persia: The Safavid Empire 84</p>
<p>India and the Rise of the Mughals 87</p>
<p>Understanding Developments in Islamic History 95</p>
<p>Conclusion 99</p>
<p>4 Colonialism and Reform 101</p>
<p>Colonialism 101</p>
<p>The Outcome of World War I 110</p>
<p>The Effects of Colonialism and Themes of Islamic Reform 117</p>
<p>Modern Iterations of Islamic Reform and New Challenges 125</p>
<p>Islamist Approaches to Reform 129</p>
<p>Conclusion: Mainstream Islamists and Radicals 135</p>
<p>5 Contemporary Islam: The Challenges of Democratization and Complications of Global Politics 139</p>
<p>Turkey 141</p>
<p>Iran 144</p>
<p>Pakistan, Afghanistan, and al ]Qaeda 154</p>
<p>Indonesia 166</p>
<p>Tunisia and the Arab Spring 168</p>
<p>What about Terrorism? ISIS, Boko Haram, Islamic Jihad, Hamas, and Hezbollah 173</p>
<p>Conclusion: Asking the Right Questions 185</p>
<p>Further Reading 195</p>
<p>Index 000</p>