Short-cutting the Phosphorus Cycle in Urban Ecosystems
Samenvatting
This dissertation presents a methodology of short-cutting the phosphorus cycle in urban ecosystems. In nature, the P-cycle is a circular, closed-loop system, but human activities use and dispose P in a linear, open-ended system leading to the customary environmental problems. Lake Chivero in Zimbabwe is used as a case study to illustrate the unsustainable practice of discharging valuable and finite phosphorous into drinking water resources. Short-cutting or closing the P-cycle in the urban environment is closely related to the closure of water cycles. Closing the P-cycle is dependent on the adoption of ecological sanitation and eco-city concepts. These concepts lead to solutions, which are source orientated (local and small scale), non-mixing, ecologically sound, closed-loop systems. Recycling of P in urban ecological agriculture (without synthetic fertilisers) is used in this dissertation to test the feasibility of these concepts.
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- aanbestedingsrecht
- aansprakelijkheids- en verzekeringsrecht
- accountancy
- algemeen juridisch
- arbeidsrecht
- bank- en effectenrecht
- bestuursrecht
- bouwrecht
- burgerlijk recht en procesrecht
- europees-internationaal recht
- fiscaal recht
- gezondheidsrecht
- insolventierecht
- intellectuele eigendom en ict-recht
- management
- mens en maatschappij
- milieu- en omgevingsrecht
- notarieel recht
- ondernemingsrecht
- pensioenrecht
- personen- en familierecht
- sociale zekerheidsrecht
- staatsrecht
- strafrecht en criminologie
- vastgoed- en huurrecht
- vreemdelingenrecht