Malayan Rubber: The Interwar Years

Part 1 The industry in review: the formative period to 1922; the first period of restriction 1922-8; depression returns 1929-33; the re-imposition of restriction 1934-41. Part 2 The estates and efficiency: capitalization and rates of return; the formative period 1912-22; the Stevenson scheme 1922-8; the Great Depression 1929-33; the IRRA 1934-41. Part 3 The smallholdings and survival: the stereotype smallholding; empirical data on smallholdings; official policy and land tenure; the economic circumstances of smallholders. Part 4 The industry, government and decision-making: the growth of institutions; revisions of restriction 1924-6; the ending of restriction 1927-8; the Anglo-Dutch negotiations 1930-4; the IRRA renewal negotiations 1937-8; the organization of research. Part 5 Output assessment under restriction - the Stevenson scheme: smallholdings; medium holdings; estates; some comparisons. Part 6 The search for stability in the market: the "threat" from wild rubber 1912-15; the American "threat" 1916-26; the emergence of the "threat" from smallholdings 1925-8; the smallholder "threat" reaches its peak 1929-34; the containment of smallholdings under the IRRA 1934-41. Appendices: rubber 1910-41; Malaya - planted area of rubber, 1922-41 (selected years); Malaya - exports of rubber 1919-41 (tons); Malaya - exports of rubber by value 1923-41.