Safe and Secure Transport and Storage of Radioactive Materials

<ul> <li>Related titles</li> <li>List of contributors</li> <li>1. Introduction to the packaging, transport and storage of radioactive materials <ul> <li>1.1. Introduction</li> <li>1.2. Overview of the topic</li> <li>1.3. Scope of book</li></ul></li> <li>Part One. Frameworks for operational safety <ul> <li>2. Functional requirements for the design of transport packages <ul> <li>2.1. Introduction</li> <li>2.2. Future trends in the nuclear industry</li> <li>2.3. General design features to meet regulatory requirements</li> <li>2.4. Packaging requirements</li> <li>2.5. Package design</li></ul></li> <li>3. Training in the nuclear transport industry <ul> <li>3.1. Legal requirements</li> <li>3.2. Training scope (as required by the regulations)</li> <li>3.3. Training required</li> <li>3.4. Refresher training</li> <li>3.5. Other training considerations</li> <li>3.6. Modal guidance</li> <li>3.7. Sample syllabus</li> <li>List of abbreviations</li></ul></li> <li>4. Public relations for the nuclear transport industry <ul> <li>4.1. Introduction</li> <li>4.2. Risk perception</li> <li>4.3. Historical overview</li> <li>4.4. Security concerns</li> <li>4.5. Risk communication</li> <li>4.6. Future trends</li> <li>4.7. Additional information</li></ul></li> <li>5. Risk assessment approaches for the transport of radioactive material <ul> <li>5.1. Introduction</li> <li>5.2. Routine, incident-free transportation</li> <li>5.3. Transport accidents in which the radioactive cargo is not damaged</li> <li>5.4. Transport accidents in which the radioactive cargo is damaged</li> <li>5.5. Transport accidents in which gamma shielding is lost</li> <li>5.6. Uncertainty in transport risk assessment</li> <li>5.7. Summary</li></ul></li> <li>6. Responding to emergencies associated with the transport of radioactive material <ul> <li>6.1. Introduction – emergency response: a necessary contribution to transport safety</li> <li>6.2. Some significant events in radioactive material (RAM) transport – lessons drawn</li> <li>6.3. Existing international requirements and recommendations – future trends</li> <li>6.4. Roles and responsibilities for governmental and private, national and local organizations</li> <li>6.5. Specific instrumentation, equipment and assessment tools needed for response according to transport modes</li> <li>6.6. Other specific issues for transport emergency response organization: international issues</li> <li>6.7. Conclusions</li> <li>6.8. Further information and references</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Part Two. Package design and performance for transport <ul> <li>7. Structural performance of packages for radioactive materials <ul> <li>7.1. Introduction</li> <li>7.2. Performance requirements</li> <li>7.3. From requirements to package layout</li> <li>7.4. Demonstration of package performance</li> <li>7.5. Conclusions</li></ul></li> <li>8. Thermal performance of transportation packages for radioactive materials <ul> <li>8.1. Introduction</li> <li>8.2. Basics of heat transfer</li> <li>8.3. Regulatory aspects</li> <li>8.4. Heat loads</li> <li>8.5. Thermal design features</li> <li>8.6. Materials</li> <li>8.7. Thermal safety evaluations of the package</li> <li>8.8. Testing and analysis</li> <li>8.9. Summary and trends</li></ul></li> <li>9. Radiation protection by shielding in packages for radioactive materials <ul> <li>9.1. Introduction</li> <li>9.2. Design base and safety function of shielding</li> <li>9.3. Current industrial solutions and overview of shielding materials available</li> <li>9.4. Future trends, new requirements, and severe conditions</li></ul></li> <li>10. Criticality analysis of packages for radioactive materials <ul> <li>10.1. Introduction</li> <li>10.2. Regulatory requirements</li> <li>10.3. Factors influencing criticality safety</li> <li>10.4. Establishing the criteria for criticality safety</li> <li>10.5. Prediction of k<SUB>eff</SUB></li> <li>10.6. Criticality safety assessments</li> <li>10.7. Current and future challenges</li> <li>10.8. Irradiated fuel transport: a case study in reducing conservatism</li> <li>10.9. Summary</li></ul></li> <li>11. Sea transport of irradiated nuclear fuel, plutonium and high-level radioactive wastes <ul> <li>11.1. Introduction</li> <li>11.2. Regulatory requirements for sea transport</li> <li>11.3. The INF code</li> <li>11.4. Cargo stowage and segregation considerations</li> <li>11.5. Operations</li> <li>11.6. Emergency planning</li> <li>11.7. Security</li> <li>11.8. Nuclear liability</li> <li>11.9. International relations</li> <li>11.10. Future trends</li> <li>11.11. Further information</li> <li>11.12. Conclusions</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Part Three. Packaging, transport and storage of particular types of radioactive materials <ul> <li>12. Packaging, transport and storage of uranium ore concentrates and uranium hexafluoride <ul> <li>12.1. Transport of uranium ore concentrates</li> <li>12.2. Transport of uranium hexafluoride</li> <li>12.3. Conclusions</li></ul></li> <li>13. Packaging and transport of unirradiated uranium dioxide fuel and nonirradiated mixed oxide fuel <ul> <li>13.1. Transport of unirradiated uranium dioxide fuel</li> <li>13.2. Transport of nonirradiated mixed oxide fuel</li> <li>13.3. Conclusions</li> <li>Key words and definitions</li></ul></li> <li>14. Transport and storage of spent nuclear fuel <ul> <li>14.1. Spent fuel generation and characteristics</li> <li>14.2. Overview of storage technologies</li> <li>14.3. Issues of long-term storage</li> <li>14.4. Long-term containment of metal gaskets for metal casks</li> <li>14.5. Interaction between transport and storage on containment</li> <li>14.6. Stress corrosion cracking of the canister for concrete cask</li> <li>14.7. Holistic approach to assure transport and storage safety of metal cask</li></ul></li> <li>15. Packaging, transport, and storage of high-, intermediate-, and low-level radioactive wastes <ul> <li>15.1. Radioactive waste categories</li> <li>15.2. Transport and storage of high-level waste</li> <li>15.3. Transport and storage of low-level waste and intermediate-level waste</li> <li>15.4. Operational experiences with containers for low-level and intermediate-level waste</li> <li>Final remarks</li></ul></li> <li>16. Packaging, transport, and storage of large radioactive components <ul> <li>16.1. Introduction</li> <li>16.2. Swedish perspective</li> <li>16.3. International perspective</li> <li>16.4. Packaging for large components and alternative solutions</li> <li>16.5. Transport of large components</li> <li>16.6. Storage of large components in general</li> <li>16.7. International work and cooperation in the field of handling and transporting large radioactive components</li> <li>16.8. Future trends</li> <li>16.9. Sources of further information</li></ul></li> <li>17. Packaging, transport, and storage of medical and industrial radioactive materials <ul> <li>17.1. Introduction</li> <li>17.2. Use and transport of radioisotopes for medical purposes</li> <li>17.3. Transport of sealed sources used in industry and research</li> <li>17.4. Aspects of transport of special-form and non-special-form radioactive material</li> <li>17.5. Transport and storage of disused sources</li> <li>17.6. Additional regulations for high-activity sealed sources</li> <li>17.7. Denial of shipments in transport of radioactive material</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Part Four. Long-term storage and subsequent transport of spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste <ul> <li>18. Wet storage of spent nuclear fuel <ul> <li>18.1. Introduction</li> <li>18.2. Typical US spent-fuel pool and Fukushima</li> <li>18.3. Aging management for extended long-term storage</li> <li>18.4. Pool to pad and vacuum drying</li> <li>18.5. Likely future trends</li> <li>18.6. Sources of further information and advice</li> <li>18.7. Conclusions</li></ul></li> <li>19. Long-term storage of spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste: strategies and implications for package design <ul> <li>19.1. Introduction</li> <li>19.2. Overview of spent-fuel storage systems</li> <li>19.3. Functional requirements and design loadings</li> <li>19.4. Design implications of storage systems</li> <li>19.5. High-level waste storage</li> <li>19.6. Implications for extended storage</li> <li>19.7. Trends</li></ul></li> <li>20. Transportation of spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste after long-term storage <ul> <li>20.1. Introduction</li> <li>20.2. Possible issues resulting from long-term storage</li> <li>20.3. Aging management</li> <li>20.4. Storage/transport options</li> <li>20.5. Disposition options</li> <li>20.6. Transportation scenarios</li> <li>20.7. Retrieval of the spent fuel after transportation</li> <li>20.8. Conclusions</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Index</li></ul>