Technicity vs Scientificity – Complementarities and Rivalries

<p>Introduction&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ix</p>
<p>Chapter 1 The Artisan, the Sage and the Irony: An Outline of Knowledge Sociogenesis&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1<br />Georges GUILLE–ESCURET</p>
<p>1.1 Knowledge sociogenesis? Necessary introduction&nbsp; 2</p>
<p>1.1.1 Evolution, history and conjecture: Radcliffe Brown s block&nbsp;&nbsp; 3</p>
<p>1.1.2 Techniques outside science, science outside techniques&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5</p>
<p>1.2 Extra–human or peri–human technicities&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 8</p>
<p>1.2.1 Involuntary society and impersonal knowledge: termite mound and workers&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 8</p>
<p>1.2.2 Techniques and culture in chimpanzees&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 10</p>
<p>1.3 Junctions, divergences and disparities&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 11</p>
<p>1.3.1 Putting words to action?&nbsp;&nbsp; 12</p>
<p>1.3.2 Diversity and disparity, conjunction and separation&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 17</p>
<p>1.4 Forming a triangle: technique, science and ideology&nbsp; 23</p>
<p>1.4.1 Astronomers and architects, priests and administrators&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 25</p>
<p>1.4.2 Logic and theory without technique: first birth&nbsp; 30</p>
<p>1.4.3 Science thanks to techniques: second birth&nbsp;&nbsp; 34</p>
<p>1.5 The abandoned mystery: technicity &nbsp; 38</p>
<p>1.5.1 Immediate markers of technicity&nbsp; 40</p>
<p>1.5.2 Technicity, scientificity and ideology: the distinction of functions with overlapping roles&nbsp;&nbsp; 44</p>
<p>1.6 Technocracy and scientificity&nbsp;&nbsp; 47</p>
<p>1.6.1 Technocracy: two perspectives in the 1960s&nbsp;&nbsp; 48</p>
<p>1.6.2 Technosciences: the example of molecular biology 51</p>
<p>1.7 The wilting of science, for lack of dissidence&nbsp;&nbsp; 54</p>
<p>Chapter 2 Technicization of the Neurosciences: Uses of Image–Processing Software in Brain Research&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 57<br />Giulia ANICHINI</p>
<p>2.1 Setting the scene Neuroanatomy: from scalpel to screen&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 59</p>
<p>2.2 The categories challenged by practices&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 62</p>
<p>2.3 Sulcal morphometry: between automation and scientific expertise&nbsp;&nbsp; 64</p>
<p>2.3.1 Recovery and creation of raw data&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 64</p>
<p>2.3.2 Production of the mask &nbsp;&nbsp; 66</p>
<p>2.3.3 Choosing normal brain images&nbsp; 68</p>
<p>2.3.4 Labeling the sulci&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 72</p>
<p>2.4 Comparing brain networks: theory in database exploration&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 77</p>
<p>2.4.1 Defining the variables and comparing the groups of images&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 81</p>
<p>2.4.2 Data bricolage&nbsp; 87</p>
<p>2.5 Conclusions&nbsp;&nbsp; 90</p>
<p>Chapter 3 Cryptography, a Human Science? Models, Matrices, Tools and Frames of Reference&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 97<br />Flavia CARRARO</p>
<p>3.1 Decipherment between science and technique, discovery and invention&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 98</p>
<p>3.1.1 Cryptographies between war and peace&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 99</p>
<p>3.1.2 An exemplary case: the decipherment of Linear B 103</p>
<p>3.2 The decipherer, the result and the procedure: the impossible solution and the technical compromise&nbsp; 106</p>
<p>3.3 The Grid, tool, instrument and machine, and the regime of proofs and tests&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 112</p>
<p>3.4 An applied and interdisciplinary internal and collective analysis&nbsp;&nbsp; 120</p>
<p>3.5 The patterns and mechanics of the documents&nbsp;&nbsp; 129</p>
<p>3.6 Scribes hands and autopsy of the tablets&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 138</p>
<p>3.7 Technomycenology&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 144</p>
<p>3.7.1 Cuts of pertinence and relays, frames of reference and hierarchies&nbsp;&nbsp; 145</p>
<p>3.7.2 Prince Charming and the scribe of Minos&nbsp;&nbsp; 149</p>
<p>Chapter 4 The Beauty of Equation: The Anthropologist and the Engineer in Design Processes&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 155<br />Philippe GESLIN</p>
<p>4.1 The beauty of equation &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 160</p>
<p>4.2 Eleven outlines for the harmony of the equation&nbsp;&nbsp; 163</p>
<p>4.2.1 First outline: the circulation of technical objects orients future uses&nbsp;&nbsp; 163</p>
<p>4.2.2 Second outline: circulation can correct the mistakes or lack of a design process&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 164</p>
<p>4.2.3 Third outline: circulation can encourage certain material, but also discursive expansions&nbsp;&nbsp; 165</p>
<p>4.2.4 Fourth outline: circulation determines regimes of familiarity and temporality that summarize technological standardization They can, in certain cases, contribute to the birth of technoscapes&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 166</p>
<p>4.2.5 Fifth outline: the experience of techniques is the knowledge that their deciders, or the public, have, and not necessarily those who directly use it&nbsp; 168</p>
<p>4.2.6 Sixth outline: in the framework of circulating a technical object, it is always through the element that constitutes it and that is the most deterritorialized in relation to the context of receipt that specific forms of appropriation are noted&nbsp; 169</p>
<p>4.2.7 Seventh outline: the choice of the name given to a technical object before projects may constrain the design processes and its appropriation mechanisms&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 170</p>
<p>4.2.8 Eighth outline: the relationships between things are just as much the object of experiments as the things themselves&nbsp;&nbsp; 171</p>
<p>4.2.9 Ninth outline: the imitation principle underlies the circulation of things and their scale–up &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 172</p>
<p>4.2.10 Tenth outline: the proposed solutions are both the process that will lead to concrete transformations and its most visible results&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 173</p>
<p>4.2.11 Eleventh outline: the implementation of the sociotechnical points of reference proposed by the anthropologist and their materialization favor acting together and testing the sensitive &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 175</p>
<p>4.3 The blue note &nbsp; 176</p>
<p>Conclusion&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 179</p>
<p>Bibliography&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 185</p>
<p>Index 203&nbsp;</p>