Dispersion of Powders – in Liquids and Stabilization of Suspensions

Preface
<br />
<br /> GENERAL INTRODUCTION
<br /> Fundamental Knowledge Required for Successful Dispersions of Powders into Liquids
<br /> Particle Dimensions in Suspensions
<br /> Concentration Range of Suspensions
<br /> Outline of the Book
<br />
<br /> FUNDAMENTALS OF WETTING AND SPREADING
<br /> Introduction
<br /> The Concept of the Contact Angle
<br />
<br /> Adhesion Tension
<br /> Work of Adhesion Wa
<br /> Work of Cohesion
<br /> Calculation of Surface Tension and Contact Angle
<br /> The Spreading of Liquids on Surfaces
<br /> Contact Angle Hysteresis
<br />
<br /> THE CRITICAL SURFACE TENSION OF WETTING AND THE ROLE OF SURFACTANTS IN POWDER WETTING
<br /> The Critical Surface Tension of Wetting
<br /> Theoretical Basis of the Critical Surface Tension
<br /> Effect of Surfactant Adsorption
<br /> Dynamic Processes of Adsorption and Wetting
<br /> Wetting of Powders by Liquids
<br />
<br /> STRUCTURE OF THE SOLID–LIQUID INTERFACE AND ELECTROSTATIC STABILIZATION
<br /> Structure of the Solid–Liquid Interface
<br /> Structure of the Electrical Double Layer
<br /> Distinction between Specific and Nonspecific Adsorbed Ions
<br /> Electrical Double–Layer Repulsion
<br /> van der Waals Attraction
<br /> Total Energy of Interaction
<br /> Flocculation of Suspensions
<br /> Criteria for Stabilization of Dispersions with Double–Layer Interaction
<br />
<br /> ELECTROKINETIC PHENOMENA AND ZETA POTENTIAL
<br /> Stern–Grahame Model of the Double Layer
<br /> Calculation of Zeta Potential from Particle Mobility
<br /> Measurement of Electrophoretic Mobility and Zeta Potential
<br /> Electroacoustic Methods
<br />
<br /> GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF DISPERSING AGENTS AND ADSORPTION OF SURFACTANTS AT THE SOLID/LIQUID INTERFACE
<br /> Classification of Dispersing Agents
<br />
<br /> ADSORPTION AND CONFORMATION OF POLYMERIC SURFACTANTS AT THE SOLID–LIQUID INTERFACE
<br /> Theories of Polymer Adsorption
<br /> Experimental Techniques for Studying Polymeric Adsorption
<br /> Measurement of the Adsorption Isotherm
<br /> Measurement of the Fraction of Segments p
<br /> Determination of the Segment Density Distribution p(z) and Adsorbed Layer Thickness delta h
<br /> Examples of the Adsorption Isotherms of Nonionic Polymeric Surfactants
<br /> Adsorbed Layer Thickness Results
<br /> Kinetics of Polymer Adsorption
<br />
<br /> STABILIZATION AND DESTABILIZATION OF SUSPENSIONS USING POLYMERIC SURFACTANTS AND THE THEORY OF STERIC STABILIZATION
<br /> Introduction
<br /> Interaction between Particles Containing Adsorbed Polymeric Surfactant Layers (Steric Stabilization)
<br /> Flocculation of Sterically Stabilized Dispersions
<br /> Bridging Flocculation by Polymers and Polyelectrolytes
<br /> Examples for Suspension Stabilization Using Polymeric Surfactants
<br /> Polymeric Surfactants for Stabilization of Preformed Latex Dispersions
<br />
<br /> PROPERTIES OF CONCENTRATED SUSPENSIONS
<br /> Interparticle Interactions and Their Combination
<br /> Definition of "Dilute", "Concentrated", and "Solid" Suspensions
<br /> States of Suspension on Standing
<br />
<br /> SEDIMENTATION OF SUSPENSIONS AND PREVENTION OF FORMATION OF DILATANT SEDIMENTS
<br /> Sedimentation Rate of Suspensions
<br /> Prevention of Sedimentation and Formation of Dilatant Sediments
<br />
<br /> CHARACTERIZATION OF SUSPENSIONS AND ASSESSMENT OF THEIR STABILITY
<br /> Introduction
<br /> Assessment of the Structure of the Solid/Liquid Interface
<br /> Assessment of Sedimentation of Suspensions
<br /> Assessment of Flocculation and Ostwald Ripening (Crystal Growth)
<br /> Scattering Techniques
<br /> Measurement of Rate of Flocculation
<br /> Measurement of Incipient Flocculation
<br /> Measurement of Crystal Growth (Ostwald Ripening)
<br /> Bulk Properties of Suspensions: Equilibrium Sediment Volume (or Height) and Redispersion
<br />
<br /> RHEOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES FOR ASSESSMENT OF STABILITY OF SUSPENSIONS
<br /> Introduction
<br /> Steady–State Measurements
<br /> Constant Stress (Creep) Measurements
<br /> Dynamic (Oscillatory) Measurements
<br />
<br /> RHEOLOGY OF CONCENTRATED SUSPENSIONS
<br /> Introduction
<br />