Principles of Energetics

I. Fundamental Concepts.- A. Introduction.- B. Definitions.- C. Postulates.- Problems.- Selected Literature.- II. Exergy.- A. Introduction.- B. Exergy of a Closed System.- C. Exergy Accounting in Flow Systems.- D. Relationship Between Exergy Disappearance and Entropy Creation.- E. Exergetic and Thermoeconomic Analyses.- Problems.- Selected Literature.- III. Generalized Forces.- A. Introduction.- B. Choice of Driving Forces.- C. Comparison of Generalized with Conventional Driving Forces.- Problems.- Selected Literature.- IV. Isothermal Flow Coupling.- A. Introduction.- B. Mass Transfer in Ionic Membranes.- C. inear Phenomenological Relations Between Fluxes and Generalized Driving Forces.- D. Electrokinetic Flow Equations.- Problems.- Selected Literature.- V. Conductance Coefficients and Reciprocity Relations.- A. Laws About the Magnitude of Conductance Coefficients.- B. Proofs of the Laws.- C. Degree of Coupling.- Problems.- Selected Literature.- VI. General Energetics of Chemical Reactions.- A. Introduction.- B. Generalized Forces and “Flows” of Chemical Reactions.- C. Coupled Chemical Reactions.- Problems.- Selected Literature.- VII. Interdiffusion of Gases in Porous Media.- A. Introduction.- B. Friction Model.- C. Diffusion Under Knudsen Conditions.- D. Interdiffusion at Uniform Pressure.- E. Summary.- Selected Literature.- VIII. Molecular Filtration Through Membranes.- A. Introduction.- B. Review of Osmotic-Pressure Equations.- C. Flow Equations.- Problems.- Selected Literature.- IX. Coupled Heat and Mass Flow.- A. Introduction.- B. Adiabatic Gas Flow Through Porous Media.- C. Flux Equations.- D. Heat of Transfer of Ideal Gases (Gas-Kinetic Interpretation).- E. Summary.- Problem.- Selected Literature.- X. Thermoelectric Phenomena.- A. Introduction.- B. Qualitative Discussion of the Coupling Effects.- C. Flow Equations and Relations Between Thermoelectric Phenomena.- Problems.- Selected Literature.- List of Symbols.- Appendix I. Carnot’s Engine.- Appendix II. Dependence of Chemical Potential on Concentration.- Appendix III. Answers to Problems.