E-Government and Its Implications for Administrative Law:Regulatory Initiatives in France, Germany, Norway and the United States

Preface; 1. Taking Administrative Law into the Digital Era; 1.1 Electronic government; 1.2 Electronic administrative procedures; 1.3 A survey of regulatory initiatives; 2. France; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 The administrative system and problems in the light of electronic transactions; 2.3 Amending administrative procedure law to allow for electronic transactions; 2.4 Electronic communication versus traditional communication; 2.5 General conclusion; 3. Germany; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Legal requirements and impediments for the electronic communications of the public administration; 3.3 Amending administrative procedure law; 3.4 Electronic communication versus traditional communication; 3.5 Conclusion of the main findings; 4. Norway; 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Norwegian administrative law; 4.3 Case law; 4.4 Interaction between administrative and civil law; 4.5 Conclusions and main findings; 5. The United States; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Present practice; 5.3 Legislative action and initiatives for electronic communication; 5.4 Administrative law in the United States; 5.5 Requirements of the system relevant to electronic communication: IRS and USPTO and administrative law; 5.6 Problems under the present administrative system in the light of electronic communication; 5.7 Amending administrative procedure law; 5.8 Electronic communication versus traditional communication; 5.9 Conclusions and main findings; 6. Analysis; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Present situation; 6.3 Interplay between administrative law and civil law; 6.4 General versus detailed; 6.5 Rules on careful communication; 6.6 Electronic signatures; 6.7 Traditional versus electronic communication; Appendix 1; Appendix 2; About the authors; The IT & law series - List of titles.