Methods in Angiology

Introduction: Critical Appraisal of the Fifteen Chapters.- 1. The Electromagnetic Flowmeter.- 1. Theory of operation.- 2. Development of the electromagnetic flowmeter.- 3. Selecting a flowmeter for clinical use.- 4. Factors affecting sensitivity.- 5. Procedure for clinical measurements.- 6. Clinical applications.- 7. Interpretation of the arterial flow waveform.- 8. Prospects for future developments.- 2. Plethysmography.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Plethysmographic methods for pulse recording and blood flow measurements.- 3. Venous occlusion plethysmography.- 4. Blood flow in the lower leg.- 3. Isotope Techniques.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The technique of determining the skin perfusion pressure.- 3. Clinical use of skin perfusion pressure.- 4. Why use radioisotopes?.- 4. Doppler Ultrasound Arterial Scanning.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Basic physics.- 3. Handling the probe.- 4. Doppler ultrasound arterial pulse waveforms.- 5. Lower limb Doppler scan.- 6. Arterial aneurysm detection.- 7. Scanning of the head and neck arteries.- 8. Clinical information available from Doppler ultrasound scanning of arteries.- 9. Doppler ultrasound scanning of coronary arteries.- 10. Monitoring foetal circulation.- 11. Health care potential.- 12. Conclusion.- 5. Thermography.- 1. Introduction.- 2. History.- 3. Physiology and physical principles.- 4. Instruments.- 5. Technique.- 6. Head and cerebral vascular disease.- 7. Disorders of the arterial system.- 8. Venous thrombosis and insufficiency.- 9. Lesions of nerves.- 10. Summary.- 6. Noninvasive Pressure Measurements in Arterial Disease.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The cuff.- 3. The sensor.- 4. Normal values.- 5. Validity and reproducibility.- 6. Correlation between flow and pressure measurements.- 7. Limitations.- 8. Clinical application.- 7. Intra-Arterial Pressure.- 1. Basic concepts.- 2. Analysis and use of clinical catheter-manometer systems.- 3. Special processing of pressure recordings.- 8. Blood Viscosity and Red Cell Deformability.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Viscometers.- 3. Interpretation of results.- 4. Clinical applications of blood viscosity measurement.- 5. Red cell flexibility.- 6. Conclusions.- 9. Diagnosis of Deep Vein Thrombosis.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Fibrinogen uptake test (FUT).- 3. Impedance plethysmography (IPG).- 4. Ultrasonic technique.- 5. Radionuclide venography.- 6. Thermography.- 10. Angiography in Angiology.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Equipment for angiography.- 3. Indications for angiography.- 4. Interpretation of angiography.- 5. Angiographic-therapeutic procedures.- 11. Some Little-Used and Obsolete Methods for Studying Peripheral Circulation in Patients with Occlusive Arterial Disease.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The best routine methods.- 3. Some obsolete methods.- 4. Some little-used methods.- 5. Comments on one method that we need to develop.- 12. Venous Pressure Measurement and Foot Volumetry in Venous Disease.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Venous pressure measurement.- 3. Foot volumetry.- 13. Phlebography and Cinephlebography.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Ascending functional phlebography.- 3. Other techniques of phlebography.- 4. Comments.- 14. Lymphography.- 1. Definitions.- 2. Historical review.- 3. Techniques.- 4. Injectors.- 5. Complications from lymphography.- 6. Accidents.- 7. Clinical application.- 15. Guidelines for Clinical Trials Set up to Determine the Usefulness of Drugs in Patients with Symptoms Ascribed to Decreased Flow in a Particular Vascular Area.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Minimum requirements for therapeutic efficacy in clinical trials with agents improving muscle and/or skin flow.