Misdaad en vrede

Inleiding 7
Nederland narcostaat? 7
Straffeloosheid in Guatemala 8
Ondermijning: elite- en pariacriminaliteit 10
Guatemala 12
Colombia 13
Nationaal probleem 14
Relevantie 15
Leeswijzer 17

1 Organized Crime and the State 19
1 The Nature of Organized Crime 19
2 Rule of Law Undermining Crime 23
2.1 Pariah Crime 25
2.2 Elite Crime 28
3 Counterproductive Crime Fighting 31
3.1 Militarization of Policing 31
3.2 Privatization of Public Security 37
3.3 Penal Populism/Mano Dura 41

2 International Responses to Organized Crime 47
1 Rule of Law Promotion Abroad 47
1.1 Law and Development Movement 48
1.2 Rule of Law Development Aid 51
2 Crime Suppression Conventions 55
2.1 Palermo Convention 56
2.2 UN Convention Against Corruption 59
3 International Criminal Law 62
4 International Response Capacity and National Sovereignty 67
5 Conclusion 72

3 Colombia 75
1 Introduction 75
2 State Weakness 79
2.1 Rise of Guerrilla and Paramilitarism 79
2.2 Cocaine 82
2.3 Bacrim 90
3 State Criminalization 94
3.1 Corruption and Proceso 8.000 94
3.2 Paramilitarism and Parapolítica 96
4 Plan Colombia 102
4.1 Design: From Socioeconomic Development to Counter-Narcotics 102
4.2 Implementation: From War on Drugs to War on Terror 106
4.3 Excesses 109
4.4 Evaluation 114
5 International Criminal Court 116
5.1 The Preliminary Examination from the Viewpoint of the OTP 118
5.2 Relation to Justice and Peace 121
5.3 Positive Complementarity at Work 123
5.4 Positive Complementarity Overstretched 126
5.5 Evaluation 127
6 Conclusion 132

4 Guatemala 135
1 Introduction 135
2 Violence and the State in Guatemala 136
2.1 Guatemala’s Civil War 136
2.2 Guatemala’s Violent Peace 140
3 Rule of Law in Guatemala 145
3.1 Judicial Independence 146
3.2 Militarization, Privatization, and Mano Dura 151
3.3 Impunity 153
4 CICIG 156
4.1 Creation 156
4.2 Mandate 159
4.3 Performance 163
5 Conclusion 172