Avoiding a Full Criminal Trial
Fair Trial Rights, Diversions and Shortcuts in Dutch and International Criminal Proceedings
Samenvatting
In modern societies, full criminal trials are avoided on many occasions. This book is concerned with mechanisms that either divert from or speed up the proceedings.
Koen Vriend argues that the fair trial rights as established by the European Court of Human Rights under Article 6 ECHR provide a normative framework that does not only apply in a full criminal trial, but that it can also be used for diverted and shortened proceedings. He shows that the concept of fairness—as derived from ECtHR case law—is a fundamental principle that underlies all criminal law enforcement. It provides for the appropriate framework to assess whether diverted or shortened proceedings are fair and legitimate.
The book is intended for criminal law scholars and practitioners and human rights scholars.
Dr. Koen Vriend is a Lecturer of Criminal Law and Criminal Procedural Law at the University of Amsterdam.
Trefwoorden
strafprocesrecht strafrecht eerlijk proces internationale rechtspraak mensenrechten EVRM Nederlandse rechtspraak rechtsprocedures plea bargaining rechtvaardigheid bewijsrecht verdediging tribunalen ICC schulderkenning transactie voorwaardelijk sepot strafbeschikking hoger beroep getuigen bekennende verdachte gerechtelijk bewijs openbaar ministerie
Trefwoorden
Specificaties
Inhoudsopgave
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1.1 The Full Criminal Trial . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2 Purpose and Scope of the Study. . . . . . . . . 4
1.3 Terminology: Diversions, Shortcuts and a Full Criminal Trial . . 6
1.4 The Normative Framework . . . . . . . . . 7
1.5 Outline of the Book . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2 Diversions, Shortcuts and the Concept of Fairness. . . . 11
2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.2 Fairness and Evidence Law.. . . . . 12
2.3 Principles and Rules. . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.4 Participation in Criminal Proceedings. . . . . 18
2.4.1 Non-compulsion. . . . . . . . . . 23
2.4.2 Informed Involvement . .. . . . . . . . . . 23
2.4.3 Challenging the Evidence. . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.4.4 Reasoned Judgment. . .. . . . . . . . . . 26
2.5 Diversions and the Concept of Fairness. . . . . . . . . . . 28
2.6 Conclusion. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
3 Diversions and Shortcuts in Dutch Law of Criminal Procedure .35
3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3.1.1 Rules of Admissibility. . . . . . . . . . . . 38
3.1.2 Weighing the Evidence. . . . . . . . . . 43
3.1.3 Reasoned Judgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
3.1.4 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
3.2 Diversions in Dutch Law of Criminal Procedure. . . . . 53
3.2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
3.2.2 The Punitive Order. . . .. . . . . 53
3.2.3 The Transaction . . . . . . . . . . . 59
3.2.4 The Conditional Dismissal. . . . . . . . . . 62
3.3 Shortcuts in Dutch Law of Criminal Procedure. .. . . . . 65
3.3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
3.3.2 Facts of Common Knowledge and Contextual Facts. . . . . . . 65
3.3.3 Chain Evidence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 89
3.3.4 Confessions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
3.3.5 Cases Ad Informandum. . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
3.3.6 Appeal Proceedings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
4 Diversions and Shortcuts in the Law of International Criminal Procedure 115
4.1 Introduction . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
4.1.1 Preliminary Observations. . . . . . . . . . 116
4.1.2 Rules of Admissibility in International Criminal Proceedings 121
4.1.3 Weighing the Evidence. . . . . . . .134
4.1.4 Reasoned Judgments . . . . . . . . 140
4.1.5 Conclusion. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 141
4.2 Diversions in the Law of International Criminal Procedure. 142
4.2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . 142
4.2.2 Guilty Pleas . . . . . . . . . . . 143
4.2.3 Legal Framework of Guilty Pleas Before the Ad Hoc Tribunals. 143
4.2.4 Admissions of Guilt at the ICC . . . . . . 151
4.3 Shortcuts in the Law of International Criminal Procedure. . .153
4.3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 153
4.3.2 Agreed Facts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
4.3.3 Judicial Notice of Facts of Common Knowledge. . . 158
4.3.4 Judicial Notice of Adjudicated Facts and Documentary Evidence. 172
4.3.5 Appeal Proceedings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
5 Avoiding a Full Criminal Trial: Evading Fairness?.. 213
5.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
5.1.1 Waiving Rights. . . . . . . . . . . 216
5.1.2 Outline. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
5.2 Diversions and Shortcuts in Dutch Law of Criminal Procedure . 217
5.2.1 Diversions and the Participatory Model of Proof. . . . 217
5.2.2 Shortcuts and the Participatory Model of Proof. . . . 225
5.3 Diversions and Shortcuts in the Law of International Criminal Procedure 239
5.3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . 239
5.3.2 Diversions and the Participatory Model of Proof. . 239
5.3.3 Shortcuts and the Participatory Model of Proof. . . .243
5.4 Conclusion. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
6 Why Fairness Matters. . . . . . . . . . . . 261
6.1 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
6.2 A Case for Fairness . . . . . . . . . . .. 264
6.3 Recommendations . . . . . .. . . . . . . 267
Reference. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .270
Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
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