Matters of Principle

I INTERNATIONAL CODES
United Nations:
Basic principles on the independence of the judiciary 1
-Independence of the judiciary 3
-Freedom of expression and association 4
-Qualifications, selection and training 5
-Conditions of service and tenure 5
-Professional secrecy and immunity 6
-Discipline, suspension and removal 6

The Bangalore Principles of Judicial Conduct 7
-Preamble 8
-Value 1: Independence 10
-Value 2: Impartiality 11
-Value 3: Integrity 12
-Value 4: Propriety 13
-Value 5: Equality 16
-Value 6: Competence and Diligence 17
-Implementation 18

II EUROPEAN CODES
Recommendation CM/Rec (2010)12 of the Committee of Ministers to member states on judges: independence, efficiency and responsibilities 19
Chapter I - General aspects 23
Chapter II − External independence 24
Chapter III − Internal independence 26
Chapter IV − Councils for the judiciary 27
Chapter V − Independence, efficiency and resources 28
Chapter VI - Status of the judge 30
Chapter VII − Duties and responsibilities 33
Chapter VIII − Ethics of judges 35

ENCJ Working Group Judicial Ethics Report 2009-2010
Judicial Ethics: Principles, Values and Qualities 37
Introduction 38
PART 1 - The values/merits 39
-Independence 39
-Integrity 40
-Impartiality 41
-Reserve and discretion 42
-Diligence 44
-Respect and the ability to listen 45
-Equality of treatment 46
-Competence 47
-Transparency 47
PART II : The qualities or virtues of a judge 48
-Wisdom 48
-Loyalty 49
-Humanity 50
-Courage 50
-Seriousness and prudence 51
-Work 51
-Listening and communication 52

Magna Carta of Judges (Fundamental Principles)
Consultative Council of European Judges (CCJE) 53
-Introduction 54
-Rule of law and justice 54
-Judicial Independence 54
-Guarantees of independence 55
-Body in charge of guaranteeing independence 56
-Access to justice and transparency 56
-Ethics and responsibility 57
-International courts 58

III DUTCH CODES
Introduction Dutch codes
Inleiding Nederlandse teksten 59
-Introduction Dutch codes 60
-Inleiding Nederlandse teksten 61

Council for the Judiciary:
Code of Conduct for Judicial Personnel
Raad voor de rechtspraak: Gedragscode Rechtspraak 63
-Impartiality, independence 64
-Onpartijdigheid, onafhankelijkheid 65
-Incorruptibility 66
-Professionalism 66
-Onkreukbaarheid 67
-Professionaliteit 67

NVvR Judges Code
NVvR-rechterscode 69
1 Introduction and preliminary principles 70
1 Aanleiding en achtergrond 71
2 Codes of Conduct for judges 78
2 Gedragsnormen van de rechter 79
3 Preconditions for the judge’s best possible performance 100
3 Randvoorwaarden voor het optimaal functioneren van de rechter 101

Guidelines for impartiality and ancillary positions in the judiciary
Leidraad onpartijdigheid en nevenfuncties in de rechtspraak 107
1 Introduction and scope 108
Inleiding en kader 109
1.1 Introduction 108
Inleiding 109
1.2 Important definitions 110
Belangrijke begrippen 111
1.3 Genesis and revision of the guidelines 116
Totstandkoming en herziening van de leidraden 117
1.4 Purpose of the guidelines 120
Doel van de leidraad 121
1.5 Purpose of the guidelines and their internal and external effect 122
Doelstelling van de leidraad en de interne en externe werking ervan 123
1.6 Status and scope of the guidelines 126
Status en werkingssfeer van de leidraad 127
1.7 Definitions 128
Definities 129
2 Principles 140
Uitgangspunten 141
3 Recommendations 144
Aanbevelingen 145
3.1 Family and relatives 144
Gezins- en familieverbanden 145
3.2 Acquaintances 148
Kennissenkring 149
3.3 The desirability of ancillary positions in general 152
Wenselijkheid van nevenfuncties algemeen 153
3.4 Ancillary positions of the judge 154
De nevenfuncties van de rechter 155
3.5 Additional jobs entrusted to judicial officers by statute 158
Door de wet aan rechterlijke ambtenaren opgedragen nevenbetrekkingen 159
3.6 Other ancillary positions 160
Overige nevenfuncties 161
3.7 Manner of handling remuneration of additional jobs 168
Wijze van omgaan met de bezoldiging van nevenbetrekkingen 169
3.8 reporting requirement in respect of current and previous additional jobs or primary jobs 172
Meldplicht ten aanzien van huidige en vroegere neven- dan wel hoofdbetrekkingen 173
3.9 Ancillary positions of court staff 178
De nevenfuncties van gerechtsambtenaren 179
3.10 Primary and ancillary positions of the current or former spouse, current or former partner, or close blood and other relatives 180
De (neven)functies van de (vroegere) echtgenoot, (ex)partner of nauwe bloed- en aanverwanten 181
3.11 Previous employment 184
De voormalige werkkring 185
3.12 Earlier involvement in a case or with parties 186
Eerdere bemoeienis met een zaak of met partijen 187
3.13 The substitute judge 190
De rechter-plaatsvervanger 191
3.14 Judicial officer in training who is also a substitute judge 194
De rechterlijk ambtenaar in opleiding (raio) die rechter-plaatsvervanger is 195
3.15 recommendation to courts regarding further promotion of impartiality 196
Aanbeveling aan de gerechten betreffende verdere bevordering van de onpartijdigheid 197