Security Pacts

List of Tables ix
List of Graphs xi
List of Figures (UCINET-NetDraw) xiii
1 How to study urban security? Concepts, theoretical issues and empirical focus 1
1.1 Urban security as the “overall governance theme of the city” 1
1.2 Urban security as a public policy: what level of analysis? 6
1.3 The territorial approach as a solution to the problem of the level of analysis 10
1.4 Plan of the book 13
2 Urban security in three European countries: a comparative analysis 27
2.1 Introduction 27
2.2 How to analyse urban security policies in three European countries 28
2.2.1 Theoretical and methodological background 28
2.2.2 Variables and hypotheses 29
2.3 The comparative analysis 33
2.3.1 The case of the UK 33
2.3.2 The case of France 39
2.3.3 The case of Italy 47
2.4 Conclusions 55
3 Security pacts as top-down instruments for governing crime and disorder 65
3.1 Urban security policy in Italy after the introduction of security pacts
(2007-2011) 65
3.2 The “formal” and the “substantial” dimension of practices 68
3.2.1 Quantitative Narrative Analysis (QNA) 70
3.3 Synoptic table and classification of security pacts 72
3.4 The configuration of the institutional actors and the territorial distribution of security pacts 74
3.5 Duration, frequency of assessments, amendment,renewal opportunities, and openness to new signatory actors 80
3.6 Comparison between protocols(1998-2005),security pacts(2007-2009) and mayors’ ordinances (2008-2009) 86
3.7 Issues, topics and perception of protocols (1998-2005), security pacts (2007-2009) and mayors’ ordinances (2008-2009) 88
4 Security pacts and the structural level of the policy network 109
4.1 An ex-ante impact evaluation of security pacts 109
4.2 Social Network Analysis (SNA) 109
4.3 The security network 110
4.3.1 Competences 110
4.3.2 Control 113
4.3.3 Communication 116
4.3.4 Interaction 118
4.3.5 Implementation 120
4.3.6 Funding 124
4.4 Conclusions 126
5 Security pacts and their efficacy in governing crime 129
5.1 An ex-post impact evaluation of security pacts 129
5.2 Data, variables and methods 130
5.2.1 Data 130
5.2.2 Variables 131
5.2.3 Methods 132
5.3 Empirical results 133
5.3.1 Descriptives 133
5.3.2 The impact of security pacts 139
5.3.3 Heterogeneous effects? 140
5.4 Conclusions 142